IV.
МАМАННЫҢ КӘСІПТІК ҚЫЗМЕТІ
LESSON 22
T e x t 1
Education in Russia
Children start school at the age of six in Russia. The course of studies at
school is eleven years now: four years of primary school and seven years of
secondary school. Previously it was only ten years: three years of primary
school and seven years of secondary school. Children under the age of six
are taken to creches and nursery schools.
There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private
schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. The majority of schools is free of charge,
but in some (usually private ones) parents have to pay for the education of
their children. In ordinary schools parents sometimes pay for additional
subjects in the curriculum, such as a foreign language or arts. Though it is
generally not a demand, most children can already read and write when they
start their school: this makes education much easier for them.
In primary school there are three or four lessons a day, they usually are
Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. A lesson lasts forty minutes. During the
first term children get used to learning and adapt to school regulations.
Beginning with the second term of the first year at school, children also take
Handicrafts, Drawing, Music and Physical Education. The list of subjects
under study is further extended during the second, third and fourth years and
includes the World History of Arts, Fundamentals of Security, History,
Geography, and others. At primary schools all lessons are usually conducted
by one teacher.
At the age of ten children pass to the second stage of education, known
as secondary school. In secondary school there is a wide variety of subjects
under study, and teachers specialize. The transition from primary to
secondary school is sometimes difficult for children. After finishing the
ninth form and getting the Certificate of Basic Secondary
Education, schoolchildren may either continue their education in the tenth
form, or leave school and go to technical (vocational) schools and colleges.
After eleven years at school the school leavers take examinations and get
the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. Those who have only
excellent marks in the Certificate get a gold medal, which gives the right to
enter higher school taking only one examination.
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