PARTICIPLE - ЕСІМШЕ (-ING AND –ED FORMS)

PARTICIPLE - ЕСІМШЕ (-ING AND –ED FORMS)

Ағылшын тілінде есімше етістіктің жіктелмеген формасы. Ағылшын есімшесі сӛйлемде анықтауыштың немесе толықтауыштың қызметін атқарады.

Ӛзінен кейін тура толықтауышты қабылдайтын етістіктердің негізгі етісте екі есімше формасы және ырықсыз етісте ҥш есімше формасы бар.

►Present Participle Active (Participle I)

Present Participle Active (Participle I) етістіктің инфинитив формасына (to бӛлшегінсіз) -ing жалғауын жалғау арқылы жасалады.

to cry – crying, to fall – falling, to make – making

1. Present Participle Active – баяндауыш етістікпен қатар жүрген істі білдіреді.

• 
  Who is the fat man sitting in the corner?
  
• 
  You cannot sit watching television all day.
  
• 
  He is lying in bed reading a novel.
  

• 
  I love to look at falling leaves
  
• 
  The screaming children were playing in the kindergarten.
  

► Present Participle пысықтауыш функциясын атқарады:

• 
  While doing gymnastics I injured my knee. (=While I was doing.)
  
• 
  Opening the bottle, Mike poured the drinks. (=When Mike opened the bottle, he poured.)
  

• 
  Knowing her pretty well, I realized something was wrong. (= As I knew her pretty well.)
  
• 
  Not wishing to continue her studies, she decided to become a hairdresser.
  

• 
  He walked down the road limping.
  

► Perfect Participle Active

• 
  Having failed my medical exams I took up desingning. (=As I had failed).
  
• 
  Having spent all his money. Peter couldn‟t afford a new jacket. (= As he had spent).
  
• 
  Having repaired the car. Tom took it out for a road test. (=After he had repaired the car).
  
• 
  Having photocopied all the papers. Sarah put them back in the file. (=After she had photocopied).
  

► Present Participle Passive

► Present Participle Passive қолданылуы: а) анықтауыш функциясында:

• 
  The building being painted is a new school. (=Which is being painted).
  
• 
  Yesterday teacher told us about the buildings now being built in Astana. (=The buildings which are now being built).
  

• 
  Being packed in wooden boxes, the goods arrived in good condition. (=As the goods were packed in wood boxes….)
  
• 
  Being invited to the party, he answered that he would be away for two weeks. (=When he was invited).
  

• 
  Being packed in wooed boxes. (=Packed / having been packed.) • Being invited to the party. (=Invited to the party).
  

► Past Participle Passive (Participle II)

• 
  to ask - asked
  
• 
  to give - given
  
• 
  to break - broken
  
• 
  to clean – cleaned
  
• 
  to know - known
  
• 
  to watch –watched
  
• 
  to do – done
  

► Past Participle зат есімнің функциясын анықтау үшін қолданылады:

• 
  The torn letter was lying on the floor.
  
• 
  She has got a broken heart.
  

• 
  The window is broken.
  
• 
  You are fired.
  

• 
  Rejected by all his friends, he decided to become a monk.
  
• 
  Talked to you I felt better.
  

► Perfect Participle Passive

• 
  Having been done wrong the homework wasn‟t accepted. (=As the homework had been done wrong.)
  
• 
  Having been introduced we shook our hands. (=After we had been introduced).
  

Сезім мҥшелері арқылы қабылдауды білдіретін етістіктерден кейін (to see – кӛру, to hear - есту, to feel - сезу, to watch - қарау, to notice - байқау, to smell – иіс шығару) объекті септік осы шақтың есімшесімен қолдынылады. Ол объектік септігі есімдік немесе жалпы септіктегі зат есім мен осы шақтың есімшесі (Present Participle) байланысын кӛрсетеді.

• 
  I saw him crossing the road.
  
• 
  I saw him cross the road.
  

• 
  I heard him sing the song. (I heard the song from the beginning to the end)
  
• 
  I heard him singing the sing. (He was singing, I heard only part of the song).
  
• 
  I found her eating my cake.
  
• 
  He watched the tree being cut down.
  

► Participle Adjectives

сӛйлеушінің жай-кҥйін білдіреді.

• 
  I was very interested in the lesson.
  
• 
  I did not enjoy the party because I was bored.
  
• 
  His explanation made me very confused.
  

• 
  She is an interesting teacher, and I‟m interested in her lesson.
  
• 
  Tom told us an amusing story. We were amused at Tom‟s story.
  
• 
  I did not enjoy the party. It was boring.