«Балтасап негізгі мектебі» коммуналдық мемлекеттік мекемесі


APPENDIX – 3 The Difference between British and American English - Британия және Америка ағылшын тілдерінің айырмашылығы



бет52/52
Дата31.01.2018
өлшемі3,29 Mb.
#37186
1   ...   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52

APPENDIX – 3 The Difference between British and American English - Британия және Америка ағылшын тілдерінің айырмашылығы


A Present Perfect and Past

Simple

The British use the Present Perfect for recent actions, and especially with just, already and yet.



Bob has washed the dishes, look.

We‟ve already eaten our lunch.

I‟ve just seen Elaine.

Have you corrected your work yet?

The British normally use the Present Perfect with ever and never, not the Past Simple.



Have you ever played cricket?

The child has never seen snow before.

Shall

The British use will for the future, but they can also use shall in the first person.



American can use either the Present Perfect or the Past Simple in these sentences.

Bob has washed the dishes, look.

or Bob washed the dishes, look. We‟ve already eaten our lunch. or We‟ve already ate our lunch.

I‟ve just seen Elaine. or I just saw Elaine.

Have you corrected your work yet?

or Did you correct your work yet?

Americans normally use the Past Simple with ever and never, but the Present Perfect is possible.



Did you ever play baseball?

Have you ever played cricket? The child never saw snow before.

The child has never seen snow before.

Americans do not normally use shall for the future.








I will / shall be here tomorrow. We will / We shall contact you. The British use shall to make an offer.

Shall I make the coffee?

The British can use Shall we…?

For a suggestion.

Shall we go for a walk?


I will be here tomorrow. We will contact you. Americans normally use should.

Should I make the coffee? Americans do not normally use shall in suggestions.

How about a walk?

Would you like to take a walk?

B

The British do not use gotten.



He‟s made a lot of money from his business activities.

Your driving has got better.

In the US, have gotten expression an action. He‟s gotten / made a lot of money from his business activities.

Americans also use gotten meaning „become‟.

Your driving has gotten better.


C “The”

The British use „the‟ with a musical instrument. I can play the piano.

The British say in hospital.

My sister is still in hospital.


Americans can leave out the.



I can play piano / play the piano.

Americans say in the hospital.



My sister is still in the hospital.

D Numbers

The British use and between hundred and the rest of the number.



Six hundred and twenty

Americans can leave out and.



Six hundred twenty or six hundred and twenty.

E Dates

BRITISH


23 June

the twenty-third of June‟

June the twenty-third‟

The British write

23.6.2012


AMERICAN

June 23

June twenty-third”

Americans write

6.23.2012



F Prepositions in Bond Street

at the weekend, at weekends stay at home



on Fifth Avenue

on the weekend, on weekends stay home

a player in the team ten minutes past four twenty to seven write to me talk to someone meet someone

a player on the team ten minutes past / after four twenty to / of seven write me / write to me talk to / with someone meet with someone


IRREGULAR VERBS – БҰРЫС ЕТІСТІКТЕР




Infinitive

Past

Indefinite

Participle II

Participle I

Аудармасы

arise

arose

arisen

arising

пайда болу, шығу

aware

awoke

awoke

awaring

ояту, ояну

be

was, were

been

being

болу

bear

bore

borne / born

boring

туу, туылу

beat

beat

beaten / beat

beating

ҧру, соғу

become

became

become

becoming

болу

begin

began

begun

beginning

бастау

bend

bent

bent

bending

майыстыру

bind

bound

bound

binding

байлау

bite

bit

bitten

biting

тістеу

bleed

bled

bled

bleeding

қансырау

blow

blew

blown

blowing

ҥрлеу

break

broke

broken

breaking

сындыру

breed

bred

bred

breeding

шығару

bring

brought

brought

bringing

әкелу

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

broadcastin g

радио арқылы хабарлау

build

built

built

building

салу

burn

burned / burnt

burned burnt

burning

жағу, жану

burst

burst

burst

bursting

жарылу

buy

bought

bought

buying

сату

cast

cast

cast

casting

лақтыру

catch

caught

caught

catching

аулау, ҧстау

choose

chose

chosen

choosing

таңдау

cling

clung

clung

clinging

жабысып қалу

come

came

come

coming

келу

cost

cost

cost

costing

тҧру баға

creep

crept

crept

creeping

жорғалау

cut

cut

cut

cutting

кесу

deal

dealt

dealt

dealing

сату

dig

dug

dug

digging

қазу

do

did

done

doing

жасау

draw

drew

drawn

drawing

сурет салу




dream

dreamed / dreamt

dreamed / dreamt

dreaming

тҥс кӛру, армандау

drink

drank

drunk

drinking

ішу

drive

drove

driven

driving

жҥргізу

dwell

dwelt

dwelt

dwelling

тҧру, тоқталу

eat

ate

eaten

eating

жеу

fall

fell

fallen

falling

қҧлау

feed

fed

fed

feeding

тамақ беру

feel

felt

felt

feeling

сезу

fight

fought

fought

fighting

кҥресу табу

find

found

found

finding

табу

fit

fit / fitted

fit / fitted

fitting

ҥйлесу

flee

fled

fled

fleeing

қашу, тасалау

fling

flung

flung

fling

лақтыру

fly

flew

flown

flying

ҧшу

forbid

forbade

forbidden

forbidding

тиым салу

forget

forgot

forgotten

forgetting

ҧмыту

forgive

forgave

forgiven

forgiving

кешіру

freeze

froze

frozen

freezing

тоңазыту

get

got

gotten / got

getting

алу

give

gave

given

giving

беру

go

went

gone

going

бару

grind

ground

ground

grinding

уату

grow

grew

grown

growing

ӛсу

hang

hung

hung

hanging

асу, ілу

have

had

had

having

ие болу, бар болу

hear

heard

heard

hearing

есту

hide

hid

hidden

hiding

тығу

hit

hit

hit

hitting

ҧру, соғу

hold

held

held

holding

ҧстау

hurt

hurt

hurt

hurting

жаралау

keep

kept

kept

keeping

сақтау

kneel

kneeled / knelt

kneeled / knelt

kneeling

тізерлеу

know

knew

known

knowing

білу

lay

laid

laid

laying

жаю

lead

led

led

leading

басқару

lean

leaned / learnt

leaned / learnt

leaning

сҥйену




leap

leaped / leapt

leaped / leapt

leaping

секіру

learn

leaned / learnt

leaned / learnt

learning

ҥйрену

leave

left

left

leaving

қалдыру

lend

lent

lent

lending

қарыз беру

let

let

let

letting

рҧқсат беру

lie

lay

lain

lying

жату

light

lighted / lit

lighted / lit

lighting

жарық беру

lose

lost

lost

losing

жоғалту

make

made

made

making

жасау

mean

meant

meant

meaning

мағына білдіру

meet

met

met

meeting

кездесу

mislay

mislaid

mislaid

misleading

тастау

mistake

mistook

mistaken

mistaking

қателесу

pay

paid

paid

paying

тӛлеу

put

put

put

putting

қою

quit

quit

quit

quitting

кету, қалдыру

read

read

read

reading

оқу

ride

rode

ridden

riding

атпен немесе кӛлікпен жҥру

ring

rang

rung

ringing

шылдырлау

rise

rose

risen

rising

кӛтерілу

run

run

run

running

жҥгіру

say

said

said

saying

айту

saw

sawed

sawn

sawing

арамен кесу

see

saw

seen

seeing

кӛру

seek

sought

sought

seeking

іздеу

sell

sold

sold

selling

сату

send

sent

sent

sending

жіберу

set

set

set

setting

орнату

shake

shook

shaken

shaking

сілку

shave

shaved

shaven

shaving

қырыну

shed

shed

shed

shedding

тӛгу (қан, кӛз жасын)

shine

shone

shone

shining

жылтырау

shoot

shot

shot

shooting

ату

show

showed

shown

showing

кӛрсету

shrink

shrank

shrunk

shrinking

тыржиту, қысқарту




shut

shut

shut

shutting

жабу

sing

sang

sung

singing

ән айту

sink

sank

sunk

sinking

бату

sit

sat

sat

sitting

отыру

sleep

slept

slept

sleeping

ҧйықтау

slide

slid

slid

sliding

сырғу

smell

smelled / smelt

smelled/smelt

smelling

иіскеу, иіс

шығару


sow

sowed

sown

sowing

егу

speak

spoke

spoken

speaking

сӛйлеу

speed

sped / speeded

sped / speeded

speeding

асығу

spell

spent

spent

spending

әріптеп айту

spend

spent

spent

spending

ӛткізу

spill

spilled / spilt

spilled / spilt

spilling

тӛгу

spin

span

spun

spinning

иіру

split

split

split

splitting

жару

spoil

spoiled / spoilt

spoiled / spoilt

spoiling

бҧзылу

spread

spread

spread

spreading

тарау

spring

sprang / sprung

sprung

springing

секіру

stand

stood

stood

standing

тҧру

steal

stole

stolen

stealing

ҧрлау

stick

stuck

stuck

sticking

жабыстыру

sting

stung

stung

stinging

шағу

strike

struck

struck

striking

соғу

strive

strove

striven

striving

тырысу

swear

swore

sworn

swearing

ҧрсу, ант ету

sweep

swept

swept

sweeping

сыпыру

swell

swelled

swollen

swelling

ісіну

swim

swam

swum

swimming

жҥзу

swing

swung

swung

swinging

шайқау

take

took

taken

taking

алу

teach

taught

taught

teaching

оқыту

tear

tore

torn

tearing

жҧлу

tell

told

told

telling

айту

think

thought

thought

thinking

ойлау

throw

threw

thrown

throwing

лақтыру

tread

trod

trodden

treading

жҥру, аяқ басу

understan d

understood

understood

understandi ng

тҥсіну

wake

woke / waked

woken / waked

waking

ояну

wear

wore

worn

wearing

кию

weep

wept

wept

weeping

жылау

win

won

won

winning

жеңу, ҧту

wind

wound

wound

winding

бҧрау, ӛрлеу

write

wrote

written

writing

жазу


ҚОЛДАНЫЛҒАН ӘДЕБИЕТТЕР:



  1. Баданбекқызы З.Р. English grammar in tables. Almaty 1998

  1. Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А. Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А. Ағылшын тілінің оқулығы. 1 бӛлім

  1. Васильев В.А. және басқалар. Ағылшын тілінің фонетикасы. Ленинград, 1980.

  2. Голицинский Ю.Б. Грамматика. Жаттығулар жиниғы. Санкт-Петербург.

  1. Исаева М.К Исева М.К Ағылшын тілінің фонетикасы.

Алматы., 2007

  1. Качалова К.Н. Ағылшын тілінің граматикасы. «Внешторгиздат», 1964.

  1. Кеңесбаева Ҥ.А.. Ағылшын халқының мақал-мәтелдері.

Алматы 2004

  1. ШЫҢ КІТАП. Ағылшын тілі. тест жинақтары. Алматы 2009.

  2. Ahmetova S.G., Tursunbaeva English-Kazarh dictionary. Almaty 2004.

  3. Broukal Milada. TOEFUL Test Assistant Мәскеу, Астрель * Аст 2004

  4. Dubrovin I.M. Situational Grammar. / P. II. M., 1974.

  5. Grammar Express. For Self-study and Classroom Use.

Longman, 2000.

  1. English Grammar in Use / Cambridge

  2. Oxford Practice Grammar. Oxford University Press 2009

  3. Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford University Press.

  4. Shershneva T.Y. Digest of Theoretical English Grammar. Almay 2001.


МАЗМҰНЫ:

UNIT І ………………………………………………………….....3 THE NOUN – ЗАТ ЕСІМ ……………………………………....…...3 Зат есімнің тҥрлері …………………………………………...…......3

Зат есімнің классификациясы………………………………………4

Зат есімдердің кӛпше тҥрінің жасалуы ……………………..…..…4 The Case Зат есімнің тәуелдік жалғаулары ………………..…..…..7 Exercises ………………………………………………….............9

The article – артикль……………………………………….…….…11

The zero article артикльдердің қолданылмайтын кездері …........14

Exercises …...………………………………………………......16

Testyourself … …………………………………………….…20 UNIT ІІ…………………………………………………………...24

THE PRONOUN – ЕСІМДІК ……………………………………...24

Personal pronouns ………………………………………………….24

Possessive pronouns. Тәуелдік есімдіктері ……………………....25

Demonstrative pronouns. Сілтеу есімдіктері …………………….25

Interrogative pronouns Сҧрау есімдіктері …………………………26

Self-pronouns (Reflexive pronouns) Ӛздік есімдіктері ……………26 Many және Much есімдіктері ……………………………………...28

All және Both есімдіктері ………………………………………….29

Either және Neither есімдіктері ………………………………........30

Each (әрқайсысы) және Every (әрбір) есімдіктері ……………….31

Exercises ......................................................................................32 Testyourself........................................................................................36

UNIT ІІІ… ……………………………………………………….40

THE ADJECTIVE - СЫН ЕСІМ ......................................................40

Сын есімнің тҥрлері .........................................................................40

The degree of comparison Сын есімнің шырайлары .......................40

Сын есімдердің шырайларының жасалу жолдары....................... .41

THE ADVERB – ҤСТЕУ..................................................................42

The degree of comparison Ҥстеулердің шырайлары .......................43

Exercises….........................................................................................44 Testyourself........................................................................................47



UNIT IV…………………………………………………………….50

THE NUMERAL - САН ЕСІМ …………………………...........…50 1.1. Есептік сан есімдер …………………………………………...50

1.2 Реттік сан есімдер…………………………………………...…50

1.3 Ағылшын тіліндегі даталар ………………………...…………51

1.4 Fractional numbers – Бӛлшектік сан есімдер………...……......51

1.5 Telling the time ………………………………………...……….51

1.6 Money ………………………………………………...………...52

1.7 Telephone numbers ……………………………………...……...52

Exercises.............................................................................................53

Testyourself.........................................................................................54



UNIT V…………………………………………………...…………58 THE VERB – ЕТІСТІК......................................................................58

THE PRESENT SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE ...........................59

THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE............62

THE PAST SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE ...................................65

THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE ..................66

Exercises…. .......................................................................................67 Testyourself........................................................................................70



UNIT VI……………………………………………………...……..75

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ..................................................75

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ....................................77

THE PAST PERFECT .......................................................................79 THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ............................................80

Exercises…..........................................................................................81 Testyourself.........................................................................................85

UNIT VII……………………………………………………………89

THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE ...............................................89

FUTURE CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE .....................91

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ....................................................92

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ..................................93

FUTURE IN THE PAST ....................................................................94

Exercises…. .......................................................................................96 Testyourself........................................................................................99

UNIT VIII………………….……………………………...…….103

MODAL VERBS .............................................................................103

CAN (COULD) ................................................................................104

MAY (MIGHT) ................................................................................105

MUST ...............................................................................................106

HAVE TO модальді етістігі ..........................................................107

SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER модальді етістігі ...........108

Exercises…. .....................................................................................109

Testyourself.......................................................................................112 UNIT ІХ…………………………………………………………...116

VOICE - ЕТІС ................................................................................116

Exercises……....................................................................................119 Testyourself.......................................................................................121

UNIT Х ………………………………………………………..…..125

DIRECT AND INDIRECT „REPORTED‟ SPEECH Тӛл сӛз бен

тӛлеу сӛз ..........................................................................................125 Reported questions ...........................................................................126

Changing Imperative sentences and Interrogative sentence from Direct into Indirect Speech Бҧйрықты сӛйлем және сҧраулы сӛйлемде тӛл сӛздің тӛл сӛзге ӛзгеруі..................................................................127

Тӛл сӛздің тӛлеу сӛзге айналуында сілтеу есімдіктерінің шағы

мен орнының ӛзгеру ережесі. .......................................................128 Exercises….. ...................................................................................129 Testyourself......................................................................................131



UNIT ХІ……………………………………………………….…..135

NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERBS Жақсыз етістіктер….....135

THE GERUND – ГЕРУНДИЙ .......................................................136

Exercises…. .....................................................................................141

Testyourself......................................................................................144

PARTICIPLE – ЕСІМШЕ (-ING AND –ED FORMS)...................148

Есімшенің қолданылуы ..................................................................148

Жаттығулар ....................................................................................153

Testyourself.......................................................................................154

INFINITIVE – ИНФИНИТИВ .......................................................157

The Objective Infinitive construction Complex object ....................162

Exercises .........................................................................................164

Testyourself.......................................................................................166

UNIT ХІІ…………………………………………………………..169

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – ШАРТТЫ СӚЙЛЕМДЕР…….169

First conditional ................................................................................169

Second conditional............................................................................169

Third Conditional (unreal past situations) ........................................170

Mixed Conditional Аралас шартты сӛйлем ...................................170

Exercises…. .....................................................................................172

Testyourself.......................................................................................174



UNIT ХІІІ…………………………………………………………176

CONSTRUCTIONS – КОНСТРУКЦИЯЛАР ...............................176

Exercises ........................................................................................ .178 Testyourself.......................................................................................180

UNIT ІVХ…………………………………………………………183

THE SYNTAX – СИНТАКСИС ....................................................183

General questions (Yes/No questions) – Жалпы сҧрақ...................183

Special questions (WH – questions) – Арнайы сҧрақ ....................184

Disjunctive Questions (Tag questions)- Анықтаушы сҧрақ ...........185

Alternative question – Балама сҧрақ ...............................................186

Imperative sentences - Бҧйрықты сӛйлем ......................................186

UNIT ХV…………………………………………………………..187

WORD ORDER – СӚЗ ТӘРТІБІ ....................................................187

Жай сӛйлемнің сӛз тәртібі ……………….....…………................187

Exercises ..........................................................................................191

Testyourself......................................................................................193

UNIT ХVІ ………………………………………………………...196

WORD BUILDING – СӚЗ ЖАСАМ..............................................196

Қарама-қарсы мағына беретін префикстер ..................................198

Exercises…. ……………………………………..........……...........201

Testyourself ………………………….................................……….202

UNIT ХVІІ…………………………………………………..…….205

PREPOSITIONS – ДЕМЕУЛІКТЕР…………………………..….205

Әртҥрлі демеуліктермен қолдынылатын тҧрақты сӛз тіркес..…208

Exercises…. …………………………………………………….…212

Testyourself ……………………………………………………….214

UNIT ХVІІІ……………………………………………………….217

THE LEXICOLOGY – ЛЕКСИКА ………………………….......217

Фразалық етістіктер.............................................................. …….217

Жиі қолданылатын фразалық етістіктер …....……………..........217 Proverbs – Мақал мәтелдер ……........……………………………218

Exercises ….…………………….………………………................220

Testyourself …....……………………………………………….….222



UNIT ХІХ…………………………………………………………226

SPELLING PROBLEMS – ОРФОГРАФИЯ..................................226

Exercises….. ………………………………………………............228

Testyourself ………………………………………………………..229

APPENDIX – І ................................................................................231

APPENDIX – ІІ PUNCTUATION – ПУНКТУАЦИЯ …………..237

APPENDIX – ІІІ .............................................................................240 The Difference between British and American English-Британия

және Америка ағылшын тілдерінің айырмашылығы

...........................................................................................................243

VERBS – БҦРЫС ЕТІСТІКТЕР ………………………………...243

ҚОЛДАНЫЛҒАН ӘДЕБИЕТТЕР .................................................248

Көлемі 15,8 б.т. Таралымы 500 дана. Офсет қағазы.

Тапсырыс № 115

EXERCISES


  • 1. Write the plural of the following nouns:

Piano, shelf, army, potato, safe, wolf, cliff, wife, schoolboy, schoolchild, leaf, life, factory, knife, man, roof, photo, toy, tomato, class, room, copy, book, note, house, wife, news, paper, home, land, mother, country, student, typist, writer, pilot, doctor, officer, architect, actor, actress, painter, sailor, dentist, teacher, mechanic, locksmith, driver, composer, shop-assistant.



  • 2. Rewrite in the plural:

1. This is a desk. 2. That‟s a clock. 3. This is a lamp. 4. Where is the picture? 5. The picture is in the book. 6. The chair is in the room.

7. The map is on the table. 8. This is a pen. 9. That is a window. 10. The book is on the table. 11. The map is on the wall. 12. The blackboard is on the floor. 13. I have a picture on the wall. 14. My picture is not in the bag. 15. She has a pen and a pencil in the bag.

3. Put the following nouns in the plural form: 1. What is that child‟s name? 2. The cat has caught a mouse. 3. There was a lady, a gentleman, a boy and a girl in the room. 4. In the farm-yard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow and a goose. 5. Is this worker an Englishman or a German? – He is a Frenchman. 6. Why don‟t you eat this potato? 7. This strawberry is still green. 8. The withered leaf has fallen to the ground. 9. Can you see a bird in that tree? 10. Does your tooth still ache? 11. I held up my foot to the fire to warm it. 12. His child studies very well. 13. This man works at our office. 14. There is a new house in our street. 15. This story is very interesting. 16. I have hurt my foot. 17. The wolf has been shot.

18. He keeps his toy in a box. 19. Put this knife on that table.

5. Put the following nouns in the plural form:

1. This is a bird. 2. Is that also a bird? – No, it isn‟t. That is a cat. 3. Is that a good horse? – Yes, it is. 4. Is that a cow big or small? – It is big. 5. This is an apple and that is a flower. 6. Where is the coin? – It is in the box. 7. What colour is the box? – It is green. . 8. What is it made of? – It is made of wood. 9.What is that man? –He is a clerk. 10. Is he in the office? – Yes, he is. 11. Is that woman a typist? –No, she isn‟t.- What is she?- She is a doctor.12.Is his brother at home?Yes. he is. 13.This house has a balcony looking out on the street.

14. The architecture of this building is quite modern. 15. This is a new district of St. Petersburg. 16. There is a shop. A cinema and a theatre in the new district. 17. He is a retired worker. 18. I am a doctor. 19. We hear the sounds of a child‟s voice. 20. She is a nice girl.

6. Open the brackets put the nouns in the plural or in the singular forms:



  1. I met some interesting _________ at the meeting. (man)

  1. I need some ________ the light the fire. (match)

  1. The baby got two new _______ . (tooth)

  2. The farmer loaded his cart with _______ (box) of fresh vegetables to take to market. His cart was pulled by two _______ (ox)

  3. Alex saw some _______ running across the floor. (mouse)

  4. The north side of the island has no ____. There are only ________ steep. No one can climb these steep walls of rock. (beach, cliff).

  5. If a houseplant is given too much water, its lower ________ turn yellow. (leaf)

  6. Before Marie signed the contract, she talked to two ______ (attorney)

  7. New scientific _ are made every day in __ throughout the world, (discovery, laboratory)

  8. I caught several ________ in the lake (fish)

  9. On our trip in the mountainous countryside, we saw some ________ , _________ , and wild _______ (wolf, fox, deer, sheep)

  10. When we spoke in the cave, we could hear _________ of our voices. (echo)

  11. The music building at the university has 27 __________ .

Students need to sign up for practice times. (piano)

  1. Thunder and lightning are ________ of nature. (phenomenon)

  2. People get most of their news about the word through the mass _________ , that is, through radio, television, the Internet, newspapers, and magazines. (medium)


Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
1   ...   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52




©engime.org 2024
әкімшілігінің қараңыз

    Басты бет