Математическая грамотность. Минск: рикз, 2020. 252 с
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2-ex pisa
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construct. The second section, ‘Organisation of the Domain’, describes four aspects: a) mathematical reasoning and the three mathematical processes (of the modelling/problem solving cycle); b) the way mathematical content knowledge is organised in the PISA 2021 framework, and the content knowledge that is relevant to an assessment of 15-year-old students; c) the relationship between mathematical literacy and the so-called 21st Century skills ; and d) the contexts in which students will face mathematical challenges. The third section, ‘Assessing Mathematical Literacy’, outlines structural issues about the assessment, including a test blueprint and other technical information. 14. For the sake of ensuring the preservation of trend, the majority of the items in the PISA 2021 will be items that have been used in previous PISA assessments. A large collection of release items based on the previous framework can be found at http://www.oecd.org/pisa/test. Annex A provides seven illustrative items that attempt to illustrate the most important new elements of the 2021 framework. 15. The 2021 framework was written under the guidance of the 2021 mathematics expert group (MEG), a body appointed by the PISA contractor for the mathematics framework (RTI International), in consultation with the PISA Governing Board (PGB). The eight MEG members included mathematicians, statisticians, mathematics educators, and experts in assessment, technology, and education research from a range of countries. The MEG were further supported by an extended MEG (eMEG) group, made up of ten experts acting as peer reviewers of the framework version created by the MEG. The eMEG included experts with a range of mathematics expertise from differing countries. Additional reviews were undertaken by experts on behalf of the over 80 countries constituting the PISA Governing Board. RTI International, as contracted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), conducted two further research efforts: a face validity validation survey amongst educators, universities and employers; and a cognitive laboratory with 15-year-olds in different countries to obtain student feedback on the sample items presented in the framework. The work of the PISA 2021 MEG builds on previous versions of the PISA Mathematics Framework and incorporates the recommendations of the Mathematics Strategic Advisory Group convened by OECD in 2017. |