party ['dɪnə 'pɑːtɪ]
They decided it was time for a dinner
party.
званый ужин
Они решили, что настало время для
званого ужина.
5. to phone [fəun]
Mr. Smith phoned his new boss Mr.
Plummer.
звонить
М-р Смит позвонил своему новому
начальнику м-ру Пламмеру.
6. to invite [ɪn'vaɪt] to
Mr. Smith invited him and his wife to
dinner on Friday night.
пригласить куда-либо
М-р Смит пригласил его с супругой
на ужин в пятницу вечером.
7. delicious[dɪ'lɪʃəs]
They spent a long time cooking a
delicious dinner.
восхитительный (на вкус)
Они потратили много времени на
приготовление изысканного ужина.
8. to prepare [prɪ'pɛə]
приготовить
9. fresh salmon [freʃ 'sæmən]
свежий лосось
10. to fill [fɪl]
to be filled with smth
фаршировать, наполнять
быть нафаршированным ч-л
11. prawn [prɔːn]
They prepared fresh salmon, filled with
prawns and chilli.
креветка
Они приготовили свежего лосося,
фаршированного
креветками
и
соусом чили.
12. to lay (lay-laid-laid) [leɪ-leɪd-leɪd]
to lay the table
класть, положить
накрыть на стол, поставить на стол
13. silver candles [ˈsɪlvə ˈkændlz]
свечи в серебряных подсвечниках
14. wine [waɪn]
They laid the table with silver candles
and bottles of wine.
вино
Они поставили на стол свечи в
серебряных подсвечниках и вино.
15. to put [put] on smth
Mrs. Smith put on a black evening
dress.
надеть на себя ч-л
Миссис Смит надела на себя черное
вечернее платье.
16. perfect [ˈpɜːfɪkt]
идеальный, безупречный
56
Everything was perfect.
Все было безупречно.
17. to arrive [əˈraɪv] on time
The Plummers arrived on time.
приехать, прибыть вовремя
Пламмеры приехали вовремя.
18. to be horrified [ˈhɔrɪfaɪd]
Then they saw the table and they were
horrified.
быть в ужасе
Потом они увидели стол и пришли в
ужас.
19. main plate [meɪn pleɪt]
основное блюдо
20. empty [ˈemptɪ]
The main plate was empty.
пустой
Большое блюдо было пустым.
21. to burst into tears [bə:st] [tɪəz]
Mrs. Smith burst into tears.
разрыдаться
Миссис Смит разрыдалась.
22. still [stɪl]
тем не менее
23. to rush [rʌʃ] out
Mr. Smith rushed out of the house.
выбежать, выскочить
М-р Смит выбежал из дома.
24. portion [ˈpɔ:ʃən]
He bought four portions of fish and
chips.
порция, часть
Он купил четыре порции рыбы с
чипсами.
25. takeaway [ˈteɪkəˌweɪ]
The great British takeaway!
еда на вынос
Да здравствует британский фаст-
фуд!
26. lovely [ˈlʌvlɪ]
And they all had a lovely evening.
прекрасный, замечательный
И все они замечательно провели
вечер.
IV. COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
1. What did Mr. and Mrs. Smith love doing?
2. What kind of job did Mr. Smith want in his company?
3. Whom did he call?
4. Why did he call Mr. Plummer?
5. What did Mr. and Mrs. Smith do on Friday afternoon?
6. What did they prepare?
7. What did they lay the table with?
8. What dress did Mrs. Smith put on?
9. What suit did Mr. Smith wear?
10. What room did they go to after the Plummers arrived?
11. What did they see and how did they feel?
12. How did Mrs. Smith react?
13. What did Mr. Smith do? Where did he run?
14. What did he buy in the Fish and Chip shop?
15. What kind of evening did they all have?
16. What kind of evening did the Smiths‟ pet cat have?
57
V. GRAMMAR: THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE
(ПРОСТОЕ ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ВРЕМЯ)
1. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ PAST SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE УПОТРЕБЛЯЕТСЯ ДЛЯ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ:
1. регулярных, повторяющихся действий в прошлом
My parents took me to the seaside every
summer when I was little.
Мои родители возили меня на море
каждое лето, когда я была маленькой.
2. однократных действий в прошлом, либо констатации факта
Маркерами Past Simple являются:
a) обстоятельства времени с … ago (назад) – 2 days ago, 5 months ago, a
century ago.
b) обстоятельства времени с … last – last week (на прошлой неделе), last
month, last year, last summer.
c) обстоятельства времени с указанием на тот год, когда произошло
действие – in 2005.
Tom married Ann 5 years ago.
Том женился на Энн 5 лет назад.
3. действий в прошлом, следовавших одно за другим
She got up, went up to the window and looked out.
Она встала, подошла к окну и выглянула из
него.
58
4. действий в прошлом в специальных вопросах, начинающихся с “when”
When did you buy this dress?
Когда ты купила это платье?
2. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ PAST SIMPLE
Все глаголы английского языка делятся на правильные и неправильные. Past
Simple правильных глаголов в утвердительных предложениях образуется путем
прибавления к ним окончания –ed.
Окончание
–
ed
читается как:
[
d
]
если глагол
оканчивается на
гласный или звонкий
согласный звук
play – played
open - opened
[t]
если глагол
оканчивается на глухой
согласный звук
work – worked
wash - washed
[id]
если глагол
оканчивается на звук
[t] или [d]
decide – decided
translate - translated
Для образования Past Simple в отрицательных и вопросительных
предложениях используется вспомогательный глагол did.
число / лицо
Утвердительная
форма
Отрицательная
форма
Вопросительная
форма
1 л. ед. ч.
2 л. ед. ч.
3л. ед. ч.
1 л. мн. ч.
2 л. мн. ч.
3 л. мн. ч.
I worked
You worked
He worked
She worked
It worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
I did not work
You did not work
He did not work
She did not work
It did not work
We did not work
You did not work
They did not work
Did I work?
Did you work?
Did he work?
Did she work?
Did it work?
Did we work?
Did you work?
Did they work?
59
Past Simple неправильных глаголов необходимо выучить:
Infinitive
Past Simple
Participle II
Значение
be [biː]
beat [biːt]
become [bɪ'kʌm]
begin [bɪ'gɪn]
blow [bləʊ]
break [breɪk]
bring [brɪŋ]
build [bɪld]
burn [bɜːn]
burst [bɜːst]
buy [baɪ]
catch [kætʃ]
choose [ʧuːz]
come [kʌm]
cost [kɔst]
cut [kʌt]
do [duː]
dream [driːm]
drink [drɪŋk]
drive [draɪv]
eat [iːt]
fall [fɔːl]
feed [fiːd]
feel [fiːl]
fight [faɪt]
find [faɪnd]
fly [flaɪ]
forget [fə'get]
forgive [fəˈɡɪv]
freeze [friːz]
get [get]
give [gɪv]
go [gəu]
grow [ɡrəʊ]
have [həv]
hear [hɪə]
hide [haɪd]
hold [həʊld]
hurt [hɜːt]
keep [kiːp]
know [nəu]
learn [lɜːn]
leave [liːv]
let [let]
was[wɔz],
were [wɜː]
beat[biːt]
became [bɪ'keɪm]
began [bɪ'gæn]
blew [bluː]
broke [brəuk]
brought [brɔːt]
built [bɪlt]
burnt [bɜːnt]
burst [bɜːst]
bought [bɔːt]
caught [kɔːt]
chose [ʧəuz]
came [keɪm]
cost [kɔst]
cut [kʌt]
did [dɪd]
dreamt [dremt]
drank [dræŋk]
drove [drəuv]
ate [et]
fell [fel]
fed [fed]
felt [felt]
fought [fɔːt]
found [faund]
flew [fluː]
forgot [fə'gɔt]
forgave [fəˈɡeɪv]
froze [frəʊz]
got [gɔt]
gave [geɪv]
went [went]
grew [ɡruː]
had [hæd]
heard [hɜːd]
hid [hɪd]
held [held]
hurt [hɜːt]
kept [kept]
knew [njuː]
learnt [lɜːnt]
left [left]
let [let]
been [biːn]
beaten [ˈbiːtn]
become [bɪ'kʌm]
begun [bɪ'gʌn]
blown [bləʊn]
broken ['brəukn]
brought [brɔːt]
built [bɪlt]
burnt [bɜːnt]
burst [bɜːst]
bought [bɔːt]
caught [kɔːt]
chosen ['ʧəuzn]
come [kʌm]
cost [kɔst]
cut [kʌt]
done [dʌn]
dreamt [dremt]
drunk [drʌŋk]
driven ['drɪvn]
eaten ['iːtn]
fallen ['fɔːlən]
fed [fed]
felt [felt]
fought [fɔːt]
found [faund]
flown [fləun]
forgotten [fə'gɔtən]
forgiven [fəˈɡɪvən]
frozen [ˈfrəʊzən]
got [gɔt]
given [gɪvən]
gone [gɔn]
grown [ɡrəʊn]
had [hæd]
heard [hɜːd]
hidden [ˈhɪdən]
held [held]
hurt [hɜːt]
kept [kept]
known [nəun]
learnt [lɜːnt]
left [left]
let [let]
быть
бить
становиться
начинать(ся)
дуть
ломать
приносить
строить
жечь, гореть
взорваться
покупать
ловить
выбирать
приходить
стоить
резать
делать
мечтать
пить
везти
есть, кушать
падать
кормить
чувствовать (себя)
бороться
находить
летать
забывать
прощать
замерзать
получать;
давать
идти; ехать
расти, выращивать
иметь
слышать
прятать
держать
причинять боль
держать
знать
учиться; узнавать
оставлять
разрешать
60
lose [luːz]
make [meɪk]
mean [miːn]
meet [miːt]
pay [peɪ]
put [put]
read [riːd]
ride [raɪd]
ring [rɪŋ]
rise [raɪz]
run [rʌn]
say [seɪ]
see [siː]
sell [sel]
send [send]
shake [ʃeɪk]
show [ʃəu]
sing [sɪŋ]
sit [sɪt]
sleep [sliːp]
smell [smel]
speak [spiːk]
spend [spend]
steal [stiːl]
swim [swɪm]
take [teɪk]
teach [tiːʧ]
tell [tel]
think [θɪŋk]
throw [θrəʊ]
understand
[ˌʌndə'stænd]
wake [weɪk]
wear [weə]
win [wɪn]
write [raɪt]
lost [lɔst]
made [meɪd]
meant [ment]
met [met]
paid [peɪd]
put [put]
read [red]
rode [rəʊd]
rang [ræŋ]
rose [rəʊz]
ran [ræn]
said [sed]
saw [sɔː]
sold [səuld]
sent [sent]
shook [ʃuk]
showed [ʃəud]
sang [sæŋ]
sat [sæt]
slept [slept]
smelt [smelt]
spoke [spəuk]
spent [spent]
stole [stəul]
swam [swæm]
took [tuk]
taught [tɔːt]
told [təuld]
thought [θɔːt]
threw [θruː]
understood
[ˌʌndə'stud]
woke [wəʊk]
wore [wɔː]
won [wʌn]
wrote [rəut]
lost [lɔst]
made [meɪd]
meant [ment]
met [met]
paid [peɪd]
put [put]
read [red]
ridden [ˈrɪdn]
rung [rʌŋ]
risen [ˈrɪzən]
run [rʌn]
said [sed]
seen [siːn]
sold [səuld]
sent [sent]
shaken [ˈʃeɪkən]
shown [ʃəun]
sung [sʌŋ]
sat [sæt]
slept [slept]
smelt [smelt]
spoken ['spəukn]
spent [spent]
stolen [stəuln]
swum [swʌm]
taken ['teɪkn]
taught [tɔːt]
told [təuld]
thought [θɔːt]
thrown [θrəʊn]
understood
[ˌʌndə'stud]
woken [wəʊkn]
worn[wɔːn]
won[wʌn]
written ['ritn]
терять
делать, создавать
значить, иметь в виду
встречать(ся)
платить
класть, ставить
читать
кататься
звонить
подниматься
бежать
сказать; говорить
видеть
продавать
отправлять
трясти
показывать
петь
сидеть
спать
нюхать, пахнуть
говорить,
разговаривать
тратить; проводить
(время)
украсть
плавать
брать, взять
учить, обучать
сказать, рассказать
думать
бросать
понимать
просыпаться
носить (одежду)
побеждать
писать
3. СТРУКТУРА ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ В PAST SIMPLE
CТРУКТУРА ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
He
translated
the book
last year.
wrote
П
Ск
Доп
Об-во
61
СТРУКТУРА ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
всп.гл. not смысл. гл.
He
did not translate
the book
last year.
did not write
СТРУКТУРА ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
Общий вопрос
Всп.
гл.
П
Ост/ч
Ск
Доп
Об-во
Did
he
translate
the book
last year?
write
СТРУКТУРА СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО ВОПРОСА
(ко всем членам предложения кроме подлежащего)
Вопр.
сл.
Всп.
гл.
П
Ост/ч
Ск
Доп
Об-во
What
did
he
translate
–
last year?
write
Вопрос к подлежащему
Вопр.сл.
Ск
Доп
Об-во
Who
translated
books
last year?
wrote
П
Ск
Доп
Об-во
62
VI. EXERCISES
1. Read the transcribed words.
A. [lɪə], [bɪə], [pɪə], [vɪə], [tiːm], [wiː], [biː], [fiːl], [εə], [fεə], [hεə], [stεəz], [pεə],
[pleɪn], [speɪn], [feɪnt], [kεə], [fεə], [mεə], [stεə], [bεə], [rεə], [pjuə], [kjuə],
[ˈdjuərɪŋ], [faɪə], [maɪə], [taɪə], [ʃaɪə], [hɪə], [mɪə], [auə], [flauə], [sauə], [wəːld],
[wəːm], [ˈwəːʃɪp], [wə:d], [ˈwəːði], [feɪt], [fæt], [faː], [fεə], [ˈpiːtə], [pet], [pəːt], [hɪə],
[staɪl], [dʒɪps], [taɪə], [faɪl], [fɪl], [fəːst], [faɪəd], [tjuːb], [tʌb], [təːn], [kjuə], [boun],
[lɔt], [fɔːm], [stɔː].
B. [ˈbaɪsɪkl], [bɔːt], [bɜːst], [kɑːˈtuːn], [ˈsentʃəri], [ˈtʃɪli], [ˌsɪɡəˈret], [kəʊm], [ˈkʊkɪŋ],
[dɪˈlɪʃəs], [dɪˈzɑːstə], room[ˈdaɪnɪŋ ˌruːm], [fiːld], [flæʃ], [ˈɡærɪdʒ], [dʒɪm],
[ˈhɒrɪfaɪd], [ɪˈreɡjʊlə], [laɪt], [prɔːn], [rɪˈpeə], [rʌʃ], [ˈsæmən], [ˈvɪlɪdʒ], [jɑːd].
2. Read the verbs in the Past Simple observing the rule of reading –ed.
packed, translated, watched, clapped, divided, ruled, brushed, cleaned, banned, fixed,
decided, finished, worked, cried, shouted, changed, voted, smoked, danced, cooked,
completed, managed, enjoyed, listened, waited, baked, rented, dropped, visited,
opened, planted, boxed, phoned, played, smiled, watered, prepared, combed,
explained, provided, talked, stayed, started, fried, washed, peeled
3. Point out the meaning of Past Simple in each sentence.
1. Peter went to the gym twice a week last year. 2. Yesterday morning Carol woke up
late. 3. Helen cycled to the swimming pool every Sunday. 4. The phone rang and I
went to answer it. 5. I always took my car to the same garage. 6. When did Jane pass
her exam? 7. First they cooked the meal, then they ate it with their friends. 8. I
worked in a fast food restaurant last summer. 9. When did you go to Italy? 10. Mrs.
Hudson came up to the house, took the key out of her pocket and unlocked the door.
11. When did you finish your studies? 12. I did not live in this city 10 years ago.
4. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.
1. Mr. Black fixed his car yesterday morning 2. His wife watered the plants in the
garden. 3. Their children cleaned the yard. 4. They watched TV in the evening. 5.
Mrs. Black worked in the kitchen. 6. She baked a delicious apple pie. 7. She cooked
tomato soup. 8. After dinner she washed the dishes. 9. The children brushed their
teeth. 10. Mrs. White talked on the phone. 11. Mr. Black smoked a cigarette. 12. Mr.
and Mrs. Chapman visited their friends two days ago. 13. They danced a lot there. 14.
They had a wonderful time with their friends.
63
5. Put special questions to the italicized words.
1. She studied English two years ago (3). ……………………………………….…….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Last night he washed his face with soap and water (3). …………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Yesterday Tom walked to his office (2). ……………………………………………
4. He called his Dad a minute ago (2). …………………………………….………….
5. Mary liked ice-cream when she was little (1). ……………………………………..
6. We enjoyed swimming in the ocean last weekend (2). ……………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Frances lived in this house from 2000 to 2004 (3)……………………….………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. They stayed at the Flamingo hotel that summer (3).
………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Linda visited the British Museum the day before yesterday (3). ……………..……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Tom turned on the TV to watch cartoons yesterday morning (2). …………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Kate cooked dinner two hours ago (1). ……………………………………………
12. Tanya worked hard at her English (2). …………………………………………….
13. They listened to classical music at the concert (3). ………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. The Browns decided to spend the holidays in the country (1). ……………………
6. Open the brackets using Past Simple.
A. 1. Mr. Smith (fix) his car on Saturday morning.
2. His wife (water) the plants in the garden. 3. After
lunch they (clean) the yard and then they (watch)
TV. 4. Their son Alex (listen) to loud music and
(play) computer games. 5. Their little daughter Lucy
(cry) a little and then (smile). 6. In the afternoon
Mrs. Smith (work) in the kitchen. 7. She (bake) a
delicious apple pie. 8. She (cook) a good dinner. 9. After dinner she (wash) the
dishes. 10. Her husband (smoke) a cigarette and (phone) their friends. 11. Then
he (talk) to his wife. 12. She (change) her clothes and (comb) her hair. 13. They
(wait) for a taxi. 14. The taxi (arrive) at 8 pm. 15. They (visit) their friends. 16.
They (dance) a lot there. 17. Mr. and Mrs. Smith (enjoy) themselves very much.
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