agriculture ауыл  independent

212 
әйгілі 
тұрғын 
басқарушы 
жеке, бөлек 
өлшем 
қор 
аумақ 
құрмет, сый 
тропикалық 
бір ауыздан 
бірегей 
ауқымды 
жуу 
байлық
жанды табиғат 
tropical 
['tropiksl] 
a 
unanimously 
[ju/nxmmssli] 
adv 
unique 
[ju:'ni:k] 
a 
vast 
[va:st] 
a wash 
[wpS] 
v wealth 
[wel0] 
n wildlife 
['waildlaif] 
n
remarkable 
[п'та:кэЬэ1] 
a 
resident 
['rezidsnt] 
n ruler 
['ru:ls] 
n 
separate 
['sepsnt] 
a 
size 
[saiz] 
n stock 
[stDk] 
n territory 
['tentsri] 
n tribute 
[
/
tribju:t] 
n
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

213 
LESSON 19 
 
 
 
 
T e x t 1 
Moscow 
Moscow was founded in 1147 by Prince Yury Dolgoruky. It stands on 
the Moskva River. Since the time of its foundation the history of Moscow is 
inseparable from the history of the country. At first it was a little town on the 
boundary of the Kiev Russia. Some time passed and it developed into a 
prosperous city. It became the capital of Russia during the rule of Ivan the 
Third. Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg, but Moscow still 
played an important role in the life of Russia. In 1918 the Soviet government 
moved from Petrograd to Moscow, and thus the ancient city became the 
capital of the country for the second time. 
At present Moscow is the largest city in the Russian Federation, the seat 
of the government, the political, educational and cultural centre of the 
country. The population of Moscow is over nine million people, and the city 
is growing from day to day. Moscow being an ancient city, one can come 
across the sights on every step. 
The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin and Red Square. It is not only a 
historic centre, but also a unique architectural ensemble, famous all over the 
world. The Kremlin includes over twenty towers joined by the wall. Each 
tower has its own name; the most famous one is the Spasskaya Tower with 
its chimes. On the territory of the Kremlin there are beautiful ancient 
cathedrals, Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon and the Armoury Museum — the 
exhibition of the treasures of the Russian tsars, including icons, crowns, 
coaches, presents from monarchs of other countries and ceremonial dresses. 
The Spasskaya Tower outlooks Red Square and the Pokrovsky Cathedral, 
which is famous all over the world for its exotic beauty. 
Not far from the Kremlin Arbat begins. It is the best-known street of the 
city. There is no traffic, so one can walk and enjoy watching the crowds of 
people strolling by. Arbat is the main tourist attraction after the Kremlin. 
But Moscow is not only the Kremlin and Arbat. The best way to describe 
Moscow is probably to say that it is like any other metropolis in the world — 
lines of cars (and traffic jams!), hurrying people, tall buildings, elegant 
restaurants, night clubs and much more. Its appearance is not always 
attractive, but, beyond any doubt, fascinating and capturing! 
 

Topic:
Cities.
Text 1:
Moscow.
Text 2:
London.
Text 3:
Washington, DC.
Text 4:
New York.

214 
EXERCISES 
1.
 
Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word 
combinations and use them in the sentences of your own: 
Мәскеудің негізі қаланған; ажырағысыз; шекарада; өсіп-өркендеуші 
қала; басқарған кезде; ежелгі қала; мәдени орталық; бірегей 
архитектуралық ансамбль; қазыналар көрмесі; автомобиль кептелістері; 
еш күмәнсіз 
2.
 
Answer the following questions: 
1.
When was Moscow founded? 
2.
What river does it stand on? 
3.
When did Moscow become the capital of Russia for the first time? 
4.
Where was the capital moved under the rule of Peter the Great? 
5.
What did the Soviet government do in 1918? 
6.
How large is the population of Moscow? 
7.
What is called the heart of Moscow? 
8.
How many towers are there in the Moscow Kremlin? 
9.
What sights can visitors see on the territory of the Kremlin? 
10.
What is Arbat famous for? 
3.
 
Fill in the following blanks with the words from the text: 
1.
 
Moscow ... by Prince Yury Dolgoruky. 
2.
 
Moscow developed ... a city. 
3.
 
St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia, but Moscow still ... role 
in the life of the country. 
4.
 
Moscow is the ... city of Russia, its population being over nine 
million people. 
5.
 
The Kremlin is ... of Moscow. 
6.
 
On the territory of the Kremlin one can see ... . 
7.
 
Pokrovsky Cathedral ... famous for its exotic beauty. 
8.
 
Arbat is ... street of the city. 
4.
 
Arrange the sentences to make the outline of the text. Retell the text using 
the outline. 
1.
Moscow is a busy modern city. 
2.
The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. 
3.
The most famous street is Arbat. 
4.
Moscow is the largest city of the Russian Federation. 
5.
Moscow has long and interesting history. 
5.
 
Speak about the city/town you live in. You may use the following words: 
be situated; on the bank of the river; in the central/European/ ... part of 
the Russian Federation; the population is about ...; it was founded; 
ancient/modern; tourist attractions; the centre; the suburbs; famous for 

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