Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов



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EARTHMOVING MACHINERY
A scraper is a heavy earthmoving machine. The rear part has a vertically 
moveable hopper (also known as the bowl) with a sharp horizontal front edge. 
The hopper can be lowered and raised. Scrapers can be very efficient on short 
distances where the cut and fill areas are close together and have sufficient 
length to fill the hopper. Most often, scrapers are large and powerful wheeled 
machines. But some scrapers are tracked heavy machines. The tracks give 
them excellent ground hold and mobility through a very rough surface. 
A bulldozer is a machine equipped with a substantial metal plate (known 
as a blade) used to push large quantities of soil, sand, or other material. Bull-
dozers are also used to loosen densely-compacted materials with a claw-like 
device (known as a ripper) placed at the rear. There are two types of bulldozer: 
crawler bulldozer (crawler dozer) and wheeled bulldozer (wheel dozer). 


190
A grader is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat 
surface, to finish the “rough grading” performed by scrapers and bulldozers. 
Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of roads or 
in the preparation of the base for a wide flat surface for the asphalt to be placed 
on or to finish grade prior to the construction of large buildings. A more recent 
innovation is the outfitting of graders with GPS technology.
Excavators tracked or wheeled are heavy construction machines the parts 
of which are boom, sticks, bucket and cab on a rotating platform (known as the 
“house”). Excavators are also called diggers, mechanical shovels, or 360-de-
gree excavators (sometimes abbreviated simply to 360).
Terex TS-14b scraper in Hudson, Ohio
 
A bulldozer, Hainan, China 
A modern road grader


191
 
A Liebherr bulldozer 
A bulldozer ripper


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