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devote few resources to the conflict until the fall of Napoleon in 1814.
American frigates also inflicted a series of embarrassing defeats on the British
navy, which was short on manpower due to the conflict in Europe.
A stepped-up war effort that year brought about some successes such as
the burning of Washington, D.C., but the Duke of Wellington argued that an
outright victory over the U.S. was impossible Because the Americans
controlled the western Great Lakes and had destroyed the power of Britain's
Indian allies. A full-scale British invasion was defeated in upstate New York.
Peace was agreed to at the end of 1814, but not before Andrew Jackson,
unaware of this, won a great victory over the British at the Battle of New
Orleans in January 1815 (news took several weeks to cross the Atlantic before
the advent of steam ships). The Treaty of Ghent subsequently ended the war
with no territorial changes. It was the last war between Britain and the United
States.
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