Навчальний посібник для студентів ос «Бакалавр» галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки»

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landscapes. Among the artists of this period are Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–
1792), George Stubbs (1724–1806), and Thomas Gainsborough (1727–
1788). William Hogarth painted far more down-to-earth portraits and satires, 
and was the first great English printmaker. 
The late 18th century and the early 19th century was perhaps the most radical 
period 
in 
British 
art, 
producing William 
Blake (1757–1827), John 
Constable (1776–1837) and J. M. W. Turner (1775–1851), three of the most 
influential British artists, each of whom have dedicated spaces allocated for 
their work at the Tate Britain.
The Pre-Raphaelite 
Brotherhood (PRB) 
achieved 
considerable 
influence after its foundation in 1848 with paintings that concentrated on 
religious, literary, and genre subjects executed in a colourful and minutely 
detailed style. PRB artists included John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel 
Rossetti and subsequently Edward Burne-Jones. Also associated with it was 
the designer William Morris, whose efforts to make beautiful objects 
affordable (or even free) for everyone led to his wallpaper and tile designs to 
some extent defining the Victorian aesthetic and instigating the Arts and 
Crafts movement. 
Visual artists from the United Kingdom in the 20th century 
include Lucian Freud, Francis Bacon, David Hockney, Bridget Riley, and 
the pop artists Richard Hamilton and Peter Blake. Also prominent amongst 
twentieth-century artists was Henry Moore, regarded as the voice of British 
sculpture, and of British modernism in general.
[96]
 Sir Jacob Epstein was a 
pioneer of modern sculpture. In 1958 artisplt Gerald Holtom designed the 
protest logo for the British CND, which later became a universal peace 
symbol used in many different versions worldwide.
As a reaction to abstract 
expressionism, pop art emerged originally in England at the end of the 1950s. 

Known for his thickly impasted portrait and figure paintings, Lucian 
Freud was widely considered the pre-eminent British artist of his time.
Freud 
was depicted in Francis Bacon's 1969 oil painting, 
Three Studies of Lucian 
Freud
, which was sold for $142.4 million in November 2013, the highest 
price attained at auction to that point, and the highest ever for a British 
painter.
The 1990s saw the Young British Artists, Damien Hirst and Tracey 
Emin. 
Randolph 
Caldecott, Walter 
Crane, Kate 
Greenaway, John 
Tenniel, Aubrey 
Beardsley, Roger 
Hargreaves, Arthur 
Rackham, John 
Leech, George Cruikshank and Beatrix Potter were notable book illustrators. 
In the late 1960s, British graphic designer Storm Thorgerson co-founded the 
English graphic art group Hipgnosis, who have designed many iconic single 
and album covers for rock bands. His works were notable for 
their surreal elements, with perhaps the most famous being the cover for Pink 
Floyd's 
The Dark Side of the Moon
.
The subversive political artwork 
of Banksy (pseudonym of the renowned English graffiti artist whose identity 
is concealed) can be found on streets, walls and buildings all over the world, 
and has also featured in TV shows.
Arts institutions include the Royal College 
of Art, Royal Society of Arts, New English Art Club, Slade School of 
Art, Royal Academy, and the Tate Gallery (founded as the National Gallery 
of British Art). 

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