Эпоха бронзы, пустынно-степная зона, климат, аридизация, хозяйственная модель



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lesostepi [The Archaeology of the Eastern European Steppe-
forest Zone]
. Voronezh: Izdatel’stvo Voronezhskogo GU, 
pp. 47–54. (In Russ.)
Borisov A.V., Mimokhod R.A., Demkin V.A.
, 2011. Palaeosoils 
and natural conditions of the South Russian steppes in 
the post-Catacomb time. Kratkiye soobshcheniya instituta 
arkheologii [Brief communications of the Institute of 
Archaeology]
, 225, pp. 144–154. (In Russ.)
Bulatov V.E., 2000. The pattern of seasonal roaming of the 
Kalmycks in the 19
th
century. Sezonnyy ekonomicheskiy 
tsikl naseleniya Severo-zapadnogo Prikaspiya v bronzovom 
veke [The Seasonal Economic Cycle of the Population of the 
Northwest Caspian Area in the Bronze Age]
. Moscow: GIM, 
pp. 131–142. (Trudy GIM, 120). (In Russ.)
Demkin V.A.
, 1997. Pochvovedenie i arkheologiya 
[Pedology and Archaeology]. Pushchino: Otdel 
nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii Nauchnogo tsentra 
biologicheskikh issledovaniy AN SSSR. 213 p.
Demkin V.A., Borisov A.V., Demkina T.S., Khomutova 
T.E., Zolotareva B.N., Kashirskaya N.N., Udal’tsov 
S.N., El’tsov M.V.
, 2010. Volgo-Donskie stepi v 
drevnosti i srednevekov’e (po materialam pochvenno-
arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy) [The Volga-Don 
Steppes in Antiquity and the Middle Ages from 
Pedological-archaeological Investigations]. Pushchino: 
SYNCHROBOOK. 120 p.
Demkin V.A., Demkina T.S., Borisova M.A., Shishlina N.I.

2002. Palaeosoils and environment of Southern Ergeni 
steppes in the late 4
th
– 3
rd
millennium BC. Pochvovedenie 
[Pedology]
, 6, pp. 343–352. (In Russ.)
Keywords
: Bronze Age, desert-steppe zone, climate, aridity, economic pattern.
culture based on small cattle, sheep and goat keeping evolved. The reverse process, i.e. the decrease of 
the winter anticyclone in the 18
th
-17
th
centuries BC, led to the increase of precipitation, frequent snow-
storms, ice-covered grass, the formation of ice crust and the thickening of the snow layer. In such con-
ditions the number of days suitable for grazing decreases and consequently the livestock is subject to 
weakening and sicknesses which may bring about its total loss. It seems likely that this was the reason 
of a gradual deterioration of post-Catacomb cultures of the desert-steppe zone. On the whole, the well-
known gaps in the desert steppe exploitation in the Bronze Age correlated with the optimization of nat-
ural conditions while the period of the increasing climate aridity saw the heyday of early pastoralism.


РОССИЙСКАЯ АРХЕОЛОГИЯ № 2 2017
74 БОРИСОВ, МИМОХОД 
Dergachev V.A., Bochkarev V.S.
, 2002. Metallicheskie serpy 
pozdney bronzy Vostochnoy Evropy [Metal Sickles 
of Eastern Europe in the Late Bronze Age]. Kishinev: 
Vysshaya antropologicheskaya shkola. 347 p.
Gak E.I., Kalmykov A.A., Mimokhod R.A.
, 2008. Antimony 
ornaments in the burials of the Lola Culture in the 
northwest of the steppe Stavropol area. Otrazhenie 
tsivilizatsionnykh protsessov v arkheologicheskikh 
kul’turakh Severnogo Kavkaza i sopredel’nykh territoriy: 
Yubileynye XXV “Krupnovskie chteniya” po arkheologii 
Severnogo Kavkaza [The Reflection of the Civilizational 
Processes in Archaeological Cultures of the North Caucasus 
and the Adjacent Territories: The Jubelee 25th ‘Krupnov 
Readings’ on the Archaeology of the North Caucasus]

Vladikavkaz: Izdatel’sko-poligraficheskiy tsentr Severo-
osetinskogo instituta gumanitarnykh i sotsial’nykh 
issledovaniy imeni V.I. Abaeva, pp. 119–123. (In Russ.)


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