Естественнонаучная грамотность. Минск: рикз, 2020. 168 с
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3-ex pisa (1)
Көпжақ ұғымы, Алтын сақа тапсырмасы
| Test Characteristics
95. In accordance with the PISA definition of scientific literacy, test questions (items) will require the use and application of the scientific competencies and knowledge within a context. 96. Figure 24 is a variation of Figure 1 that presents the basic components of the PISA framework for the 2015 scientific literacy assessment in a way that can be used to relate the framework with the structure and the content of assessment units. This may be used both synthetically as a tool to plan assessment exercises, and analytically as a tool to study the results of standard assessment exercises. As a starting point to construct assessment units, it shows the need to consider the contexts that will serve as stimulus material, the competencies required to respond to the questions or issues, the knowledge central to the exercise, and the cognitive demand. 157 Figure 24. A Tool for Constructing and Analysing Assessment Units and Items 97. A test unit is defined by specific stimulus material, which may be a brief written passage, or text accompanying a table, chart, graph, or diagram. In units created for PISA 2015, the stimulus material may also include non-static stimulus material, such as animations and interactive simulations. The items are a set of independently scored questions of various types, as illustrated by the examples already discussed. 98. The reason PISA employs this unit structure is to facilitate the employment of contexts that are as realistic as possible, reflecting the complexity of real situations, while making efficient use of testing time. Using situations about which several questions can be posed, rather than asking separate questions about a larger number of different situations, reduces the overall time required for a student to become familiar with the material in each question. However, the need to make each score point independent of others within a unit needs to be taken into account. It is also necessary to recognise that, because this approach reduces the number of different assessment 158 contexts, it is important to ensure that there is an adequate range of contexts so that bias due to the choice of contexts is minimised. 99. PISA 2015 test units will require the use of all three scientific competencies and draw on all three forms of science knowledge. In most cases, each test unit will assess multiple competencies and knowledge categories. Individual items, however, will assess only one form of knowledge and one competency. 100. The need for students to read texts in order to understand and answer written questions on scientific literacy raises an issue of the level of reading literacy that will be required. Stimulus material and questions will use language that is as clear, simple and brief, and as syntactically simplified as possible while still conveying the appropriate meaning. The number of concepts introduced per paragraph will be limited. Questions within the domain of science that assess reading or mathematical literacy will be avoided. жүктеу/скачать 4,47 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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