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contexts, it is important to ensure that there is an adequate range of contexts so that bias due to
the choice of contexts is minimised.
99. PISA 2015 test units will require the use of all three scientific competencies and draw on all
three forms of science knowledge. In most cases, each test unit will assess multiple competencies
and knowledge categories. Individual items, however, will assess only one form of knowledge and
one competency.
100. The need for students to read texts in order to understand and answer written questions on
scientific literacy raises an issue of the level of reading literacy that will be required. Stimulus
material and questions will use language that is as clear, simple and brief, and as syntactically
simplified as possible while still conveying the appropriate meaning. The number of concepts
introduced per paragraph will be limited. Questions within the domain of science that assess
reading or mathematical literacy will be avoided.
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