Agent (of change) (n)
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driving force; sb or sth that causes sth to happen
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act as an ~; cleaning/ oxidizing ~; agency (n): by/through the ~ of sb/sth
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Backward (adj)
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retarded in physical, material, or intellectual development; conservative or reactionary
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technologically ~; a ~ country; backwards (adv); ant. forward, advanced
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Balance (n, v)
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a state of equilibrium; harmony in the parts of a whole
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~ of power/mind; maintain/lose/upset the ~; balanced (adj): a ~ decision/diet;
ant. disbalance
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Bandwidth (n)
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the range of frequencies within a given waveband used for a particular transmission
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10MHz ~; have wide (enough) ~; handle a ~ of 450 MHz; reduce/amplify ~; potential/narrow/ continuous/networking ~
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Brain drain (n)
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the emigration of scientists, technologists, academics, etc., for better pay, equipment, or conditions
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cause/halt/be hit by a ~; steady ~;
ant. brawn drain
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Brawn (n)
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physical strength as opposed to mental skill and intelligence
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~ drain; brawny (adj): a ~ man
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Bring about (v)
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cause to happen (a change)
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~ reforms/changes;
syn. result in
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Carry out (v)
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perform or cause to be implemented; to bring to completion; accomplish
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~ a transaction/plan
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Commodity (n)
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an article, product or material that is bought and sold
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the ~ market/price; trade in ~ies; basic/household/food ~ies
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Complete (v, adj)
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make whole or perfect; fulfill; to finish sth
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~ sth (exercises, tests) online; completely (adv); completion (n), completeness (n)
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Converge (v)
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(of two or more things) to move towards and meet at the same place; become similar or the same
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convergent (adj) :
~ opinions/ views; convergence (n);
ant. divergence/divergent
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Diffuse (v)
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spread through a large area or a large group of people
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~ through; diffusion (n): ~ of information/power/ wealth; diffused (adj): ~ sunlight/gas/liquid
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Digital (adj)
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representing data as a series of numerical values
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~ divide/age/epoch/ technologies; digit (n); digitalization (v)
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Disparity (n)
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inequality or difference, as in age, rank, wages, etc.
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a big/marked/great/wide ~ in/between sth; ~ in age; ~ between countries
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Dispense (v)
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distribute; give out or issue in portions
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~ money/free health care; ~ with/sth (manage without sth): ~ with the formalities; dispenser (n); dispensable (adj): not necessary
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Display (v)
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show or make visible (data
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~ documents/courage/ strength/ goods; display (n): window ~; be on ~
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Diverse (adj)
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very different from each other
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diversify (v): ~ into; diversity (n): ~ of opinions, bio~; diversification (n); syn. variety
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Drive (v)
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push, propel, or be pushed or propelled; to compel or urge to work or act, esp excessively
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~ to work; ~ into/along/at; be driven by sth; ~ it home to sb; a ~-in café; a strong drive
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Empower (v)
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expand sb's rights and possibilities by delegation of authorities; empowerment
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~ sb to do sth; empowerment (n); empowering (adj)
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Enroll (v)
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become or cause to become a member; enlist; register through the Internet
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~ online; ~ sb in/on/as sth; enrolment (n); enrollee (n)
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Facilitate (v)
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make easier; assist the progress of
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facilitation (n), facilitator (n): act as a ~
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Fiber optic cable (n)
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a means of transmitting analog or digital info using light signals over a thin transparent filament made of glass
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lay a ~; splice/connect a ~; travel through/by a ~
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Flat world platform (n)
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basis on which the world gets flat or globalized
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be based on a ~
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Face (v)
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meet or be confronted by (a person, difficulties)
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~ sb/work/the facts/the truth/losses
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Gap (n)
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a divergence or difference; disparity
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close/bridge a ~ : remedy a deficiency
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Go global (v)
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expand into, enter the international market
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companies/ideas/products ~
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Implement (v)
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carry out; put into action; perform (a plan, program)
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~ a program/reforms/a plan; implementation (n);
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Multinational (adj)
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a large business company operating in several countries
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~ company
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Maturation (n)
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the process of fully growing or developing
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mature (adj); maturity (n)
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Occur (v)
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happen; take place; come about
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occurrence (n): a happening event
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Outdated (adj)
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old-fashioned or obsolete
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~ practices/equipment;
ant. up-to-date
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Perform (v)
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carry out or do (an action, operations); to fulfill or comply with
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~ sb’s request; performance (n): ~ benchmarks; performer (n): high ~
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Shrink (v)
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become smaller in size
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~ to size medium/small/ tiny; shrinkage (n)
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Standard of living (n)
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a level of subsistence or material welfare of a community, class, or person
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high/low ~; raise/lower ~; go up/down (about ~)
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Vary (v)
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undergo or cause to undergo change, in appearance, character, form, attribute, etc.
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~ in sth; ~ to some degree; variety (n); variant (n); variable (adj); syn. assortment;
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Verify (v)
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prove to be true
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~ statements/facts/ allegations/figures; verification (n);
syn. confirm, substantiate
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Work flow software (n)
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computer programs enabling people all over the world to collaborate on that same digital content from anywhere
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develop/launch/introduce ~
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