Методическая разработка по английскому языку для студентов факультета химии и химической технологии " Simple Chemistry" Алматы 2017
Fluorine Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F
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мет. разработка по химии
| Fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F. Its atomic number is 9. It is a light halogen. Fluorine exists as a toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. It is a very electronegative element. It is very reactive. Fluorine forms compounds with many elements and some noble gases. Fluorine is a very abundant element. Fluorite is the primary mineral source of fluorine. French chemist Henri Moissan isolated elemental fluorine with the help of a low-temperature electrolysis. Chemists use this process in the modern production. Also chemists use industrial synthesis of fluorine gas for the enrichment of uranium. The refining of pure fluorine is a very expensive process. So many chemists in industry use its compounds. Chemists use fluorine in the production of steel. They use only the half of fluorine in these processes. Chemists convert the rest part of fluorine into hydrogen fluoride, various organic fluorides, or into cryolite. Cryolite plays a key role in aluminum refining. Organic fluorides have very high chemical and thermal stabilities. Chemists use them in the production of refrigerators and insulation materials, in the production of toothpaste. The medicines such as atorvastatin and fluoxetine also contain fluorine. Fluorocarbon gases are greenhouse gases. Organic fluorine compounds influence the health of people. Fluorine does metabolic function in mammals. Fluorine atoms have nine electrons. The first ionization energy of fluorine is very high. Fluorine has two solid forms: α- and β-fluorine. Only one isotope of fluorine occurs in nature: 19F. Vocabulary notes fluorine фтор pale yellow бледно желтый fluorite флюорит low-temperature electrolysis низкотемпературный электролиз industrial synthesis промышленный синтез fluorine gas фтористый газ enrichment обогащение uranium уран refining очистка hydrogen fluoride фтороводород fluoride фторид cryolite криолит chemical stability химическая устойчивость thermal stability термостойкость a refrigerator холодильник greenhouse gas тепличный газ to influence влиять solid forms твердые формы atorvastatin атровастатин fluoxetine флюоксетин Colloids What exactly is toothpaste? We can't exactly classify it by its state of matter. It has a definite shape and volume, like a solid. But then you squeeze the tube, and it flows almost like a liquid. And then there's jelly, shaving cream, smoke, dough. These are examples of colloids. A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture of two substances of different phases. Shaving cream and other foams are gases dispersed in a liquid. Jelly, toothpaste, and other gels are liquid dispersed in a solid. Dough is a solid dispersed in a liquid. Smoke is a solid dispersed in a gas. Colloids consist of two phases: a dispersed phase inside of a continuous medium. Vocabulary notes colloid – коллоид жүктеу/скачать 422,31 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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