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«СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ХИМИИ И ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В XXI ВЕКЕ»
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XXI ҒАСЫРДАҒЫ ХИМИЯ ЖӘНЕ ХИМИЯЛЫҚ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯНЫҢ ЗАМАНАУИ ЖЕТІСТІКТЕРІ МЕН ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ-ХИМИЯ-2023-06-05 14 54 57pm
| «СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ХИМИИ И ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В XXI ВЕКЕ»
«XXI ҒАСЫРДАҒЫ ХИМИЯ ЖӘ НЕ ХИМИЯЛЫҚ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯНЫҢ ЗАМАНАУИ ЖЕТІСТІКТЕРІ МЕН ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛА РЫ» The main apparatus in this method is a high-pressure disintegration unit. It is an apparatus for dispersing petroleum products at the molecular level up to the destruction of complex organic molecules into simpler components. This method is based on the occurrence, in the process of dispersion, of a cavitation regime of different intensity. Local concentration of mechanical stresses occurs near the collapse points of cavitation bubbles in the condensed phase, as a result of which both intermolecular and interatomic bonds are destroyed. In this regard, the supramolecular structure will be disordered and loosened, activated molecules and free radicals will begin to form. These free radicals, participating in the usual free radical reactions during the period of exposure to mechanical stresses, as well as after the completion of their action, form molecules of new stable compounds with both lower and higher molecular weight compared to the initial components of the treated liquid substance [5]. However, this process has its own very significant drawbacks. Despite the high rates of vacuum distillate selection during the mechanical activation process (40 MPa, 50 MPa), the total increase in the yield of distillate fractions was only 0.7% by weight. At the same time, the increase in the concentration of components boiling above 430 °C in oil was compensated by a decrease in the proportion of low-boiling compounds. Also, a big disadvantage is the low level of knowledge of this process due to the conduct of mainly laboratory studies with rare industrial applications. Application of an additional column There is an option to increase the selection of heavy vacuum gas oil by installing an additional column that operates in high vacuum conditions with a residual pressure in the upper part of the column up to 0.65 kPa, using half a cartridge from the main vacuum column as raw material without preheating it [7]. This method has its advantages. - In the semi-cartridge obtained at the outlet of the main vacuum column, there are no low-boiling components of light vacuum gas oil, as a result of which, under high vacuum, the volume of vapors will allow creating a column of relatively small dimensions in diameter and height; - There is no need to remove a light vacuum gas oil, which requires fewer theoretical plates than in the main column; - Reducing the number of theoretical plates, in turn, will reduce the hydraulic resistance, which will reduce the pressure in the input area of raw materials; -Since the main amount of decomposition gases is steamed in the main column and is practically not contained in the semi-cartridge, its use as a raw material in the additional column will require the use of a vacuum-generating system of low productivity. The main purpose of the process of vacuum distillation of oil is to increase the selection of hydrocarbon fractions from their potential content, as well as to increase the productivity of the installation as a whole. The most expedient way, at the moment, is to replace the regular Koh-Glitch nozzle with a regular cross-flow nozzle « PETON». It has a lower hydraulic resistance, which increases the speed of movement of the vapor phase along the height of the column, which helps to increase the productivity of the column and increase the output of vacuum gas oil. The use of this nozzle will significantly increase the efficiency of the vacuum column. REFERENCES 1 Alexandrov I. A., Distillation and rectification in oil refining / I. A. Alexandrov. - M. : Chemistry, 1981. - 352 p. 2 Savchenkov, A.L. Primary processing of oil and gas: a textbook / A.L. Savchenkov. - Tyumen: TMGNU, 2014. - 128 p. 3 Maksimov, S.V. Modernization of the vacuum column of the AVT-6 installation / S.V. Maksimov, A.I. Koloshin, O.L. Karpilovsky // Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils. - 2000. - No. 4. - pp.28-35 4 Pat. No. 2607730 of the Russian Federation, IPC B01D 3/14. Mass transfer column with cross-current of liquid and gas (steam) phases of the PETON system/ Mnushkin Igor Anatolyevich; applicant and patent holder Mnushkin Igor Anatolyevich- No. 2015147040; application 2015- 11-02; publ. 2017-01-10, Bul. No. 1. 5 Torkhovsky V.N., the use of hydrodynamic cavitation to increase the depth of selection of vacuum distillates during the processing of bituminous hydrocarbons / V.N. Torkhovsky // unconventional natural resources, innovative technologies and products: a collection of scientific papers. Issue 23 - Moscow: RAEN, 2016. - 224c. 6 Vorobyov S.I. Mechanodestruction of petroleum hydrocarbons using a high-pressure disintegrator / S.I. Vorobyov // Chemistry and technology of organic substances. - 2008. - No. 3, pp. 78-85 7 Klykov M.V. Modernization of the vacuum unit of the ELOU AVT-4 installation / M.V. Klykov // Chemical engineering. -2011. -No.4. - p.28 |