Навчальний посібник для студентів ос «Бакалавр» галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки»

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Edinburgh has spawned many notable original shows and helped 
establish the careers of many writers and performers. 
In 
1960, Alan 
Bennett, Dudley 
Moore, Peter 
Cook and Jonathan 
Miller performed at the Royal Lyceum theatre in 
Beyond the Fringe
, 
introducing a new wave of British satire and heralding a change in attitudes 
towards politicians and the establishment. Ironically, this show was put 
together by the Edinburgh International Festival as a rebuff to the emerging 
Fringe. But its title alone helped publicise "the Fringe", especially when it 
went on to London's West End and New York's Broadway for the next 12 
months.
Tom Stoppard's play, 
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
 was first 
performed in its full version at the 1966 Fringe.
It has also launched or advanced the careers of a number of noted 
actors, such as Derek Jacobi, who starred in a sixth-form production 
of
Hamlet,
which was very well regarded.
During the 1980s, the Festival Fringe attracted a number of major 
touring companies. Joint Stock Theatre Company, arguably the leading 
innovative touring company at that time, brought two productions to the 
Fringe. These were 
The Great Celestial Cow
by Sue Townsend and 
Fire in 
the Lake
by Karim Alrawi. In 1986, the Fringe saw the breakout performance 
of Craig Ferguson as "Bing Hitler", a "parody of all the über-patriotic native 
folk singers who seemed to infect every public performance in Scotland."
2003 saw a very successful production of 
12 Angry Men
 staged at 
the Assembly Rooms using established comedians in the roles of the twelve 
jurors. It starred Owen O'Neill in the role made famous by Henry Fonda, 
Juror #8. Stephen Frost, Phil Nichol and Bill Bailey also featured.
A 2004 version of 
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
 was beset by 
problems, including the lead actor Christian Slater contracting chicken pox 

and the original director, Guy Masterson, quitting the project before it opened. 
Masterson was replaced by Terry Johnson.
In 2005, a production of Neil Simon's 
The Odd Couple
 starring Bill 
Bailey and Alan Davies was staged at the Assembly Hall, the meeting place 
on the Mound of the Church of Scotland. This had been taken over by 
Assembly Theatre and transformed into an 840-seat theatre.
The Tattoo set-up at Edinburgh Castle served as the 6,000-seat venue 
for 
a 
one-off 
performance 
by Ricky 
Gervais of 
his 
stand-up 
show 
Fame
in 2007. Gervais was accused of greed
and taking audiences 
away from smaller shows. Gervais donated the profits from the show 
to Macmillan Cancer Support.

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