Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов
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- KEY VOCABULARY Exercise 1. Read and guess the meanings of the new words. If you have some
| Module 12
ENGINES Vocabulary : exercises 1—7, 12—16. Grammar Revision : exercises 8—9, 17—19. Reading : exercises 10, 11, 32. Listening : exercise 20. Speaking : exercises 21—26. Writing : exercises 27—30. Project Work : exercise 31. Test 12. KEY VOCABULARY Exercise 1. Read and guess the meanings of the new words. If you have some difficulties, use the dictionary at the end of this book. It will help you to read and discuss the texts and dialogues, arrange the role-plays and present the projects. 1) confined space. An internal combustion engine is an engine in which combustion of the fuel takes place in a confined space. 2) profound impact. The invention and development of the internal com- bustion engine had a profound impact on human life. 3) ignition. The first internal combustion engines did not include com- pression of gas before ignition. 4) fossil fuel. Generally using fossil fuel (mainly petroleum), these en- gines appeared in transport in almost all vehicles. 5) significant distinction. The most important significant distinction be- tween modern internal combustion engines and the early designs is the use of compression. 6) spark ignition. According to the type of ignition, engines can be di- vided into spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. 7) four-stroke cycle, piston . A four-stroke cycle engine has four piston movements over two engine revolutions for each cycle. 8) valve, I-head engine, L-head engine. In accordance with valve loca- tion, engines are called I-head and L-head engines. 214 9) reciprocating engine . A reciprocating engine has one or more cylinders in which pistons reciprocate back and forth. 10) combustion chamber . The combustion chamber is located in the closed end of each cylinder. 11) crankshaft. Power is delivered to a rotating output crankshaft by me- chanical linkage with the pistons. 12) single-cylinder engine, in-line engine, V-type engine, opposed-cylinder engine, W-type engine, opposed-piston engine, radial engine. Recipro- cating engines are classified on the base of position and number of cyl- inders into single-cylinder engines, in-line engines, V-type engines, opposed-cylinder engines, W-type engines, opposed-piston engines, and radial engines. 13) straight line. In-line engine, cylinders are positioned in a straight line. 14) at an angle. In V-type engine, two banks of cylinders are at an angle to each other. 15) opposite to each other. An opposed-cylinder engine has two banks of cylinders opposite to each other on a single crankshaft. 16) flat. These engines are often called flat engines. 17) connecting rod . The connecting rods of the pistons are connected to a master rod. 18) in turn . The connecting rods of the pistons are connected to a master rod, which in turn, is connected to the crankshaft. 19) rotary engine. A rotary engine is made of a block (stator) built around a large non-concentric rotor and crankshaft. 20) to slide against the inner surface. The moving combustion chambers are formed by the corners of the rotor sliding against the inner surface of the non-rotating block 21) carburetted engine, multipoint port fuel injection engine, throttle body fuel injection engine, gasoline direct injection engine. By method of fuel input, spark ignition engines are divided into carburetted engines, multipoint port fuel injection engines, throttle body fuel injection en- gines, and gasoline direct injection engines. 22) to facilitate. Air and fuel are mixed to facilitate the combustion process in carburetted engines. 23) intake. A multipoint port fuel injection engine has one or more injec- tors at each cylinder intake. 24) intake manifold. In throttle body fuel injection engines, injectors up- stream in intake manifold. 25) to be mounted. In gasoline direct injection engines, injectors are mount- ed in combustion chambers with injection directly into cylinders. 215 26) homogeneous. Well-mixed fuel and oxidizer are compressed to the point of auto-ignition in homogeneous charge compression-ignition engines. 27) to identify . Several or all of these classifications can be used at the same time to identify a given engine. жүктеу/скачать 4,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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