Figure 28. Major Components of the PISA 2015 Framework for Scientific Literacy
Competencies
Knowledge
Attitudes
Explaining
phenomena
scientifically
Evaluating and
designing scientific
enquiry
Interpreting data and
evidence scientifically
Knowledge of the
content of science:
Physical systems
Living systems
Earth and space
systems
Procedural
knowledge
Epistemic knowledge
Interest in science
Valuing scientific
approaches to
enquiry
Environmental
awareness
115. The ratio of items assessing students’ content knowledge of science to items assessing
procedural
and
epistemic knowledge of science will be about 3:2. Approximately 50 per cent of the
items will test the competency to explain phenomena scientifically, 30 per cent the competency to
interpret data and evidence scientifically, and 20 per cent their competency to evaluate and design
scientific enquiry. The cognitive demand of items will consist of a range of low, medium and hard.
The combination of these weightings and a range of items of varying cognitive demand will enable
proficiency levels to be constructed to describe performance in the three competencies that define
scientific literacy.
165
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