6. Read Text A:
Text A
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
There are three basic hardware sections: the central pro-
cessing unit (CPU), main memory and peripherals.
The processor, also called the CPU or central processing unit
is the heart and
brain of your computer. To control instructions
and data flow to and from other parts of the computer, the CPU
relies heavily on a chipset, which is a group of microchips located
on the motherboard. The chips itself are small pieces of silicon
with a complex electrical circuit called an integrated circuit.
The processor consists of three main parts:
The control unit extracts instructions from memory and de-
codes and executes them.
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs mathematical cal-
culations (+, ~, etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT).
The registers are high-speed units of memory used to store
and control data. One of the registers (the program counter, or PC)
keeps track of the next instruction to be performed in the main
memory. The other (the instruction register, or IR) holds the in-
struction that is being executed.
The power and performance of a computer is partly deter-
mined by the speed of its processor. A system clock sends out sig-
nals at fixed intervals to measure and synchronize the flow of data.
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