| Primary Bond Types: There are 3 major types of primary bonds--ionic, covalent, and metallic--which reflect the 3 different ways that you can combine the two major types of elements,metals and nonmetals.
Remember that metals are elements that have a relatively weak attraction for their outermost electrons, while nonmetals are elements with a strong attraction for these electrons. As you move to the left and down on the Periodic Table, elements get 'more metallic'; as you move to the right and up, elements get 'more nonmetallic'.
Bond Type
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Elements
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Example
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Ionic
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Metal + Nonmetal
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NaCl (table salt)
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Covalent
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Nonmetal + Nonmetal
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H2O (water)
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Metallic
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Metal + Metal
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Fe (iron)
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Ionic: Metal + Nonmetal
Electrons are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
Ionic materials are usually brittle solids at room temperature, and they exist as highly-ordered 3-dimensional arrangements of vast numbers of ions. The exact proportions of the different types of ions are given by the compound's chemical formula, and reflect a balance of total positive and negative charges.
Most geological minerals are ionic compounds.
Covalent: Nonmetal + Nonmetal
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