Шетел тілдері кафедрасы
жүктеу/скачать 341,5 Kb.
|
прак грамматика
| PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
They are used only as noun-pronouns and have two cases: nominative and objective. This is the table of their case-forms:
When a personal pronoun is used as subject or predicative it is in the nominative case. She knows. It was she who said it. When used as object, it is in the objective case. You have seen her. I told hеr everything. The objective case of the 1st person singular is also used: (a) as the second subject Oh, you and me, we're cat and dog. (b) in apposition preceding the subject Me, I'm just one of many... (c) in elliptical sentences "Did you go to the police about it?" "Who? Me? Not likely." (d) after such, as and than in comparisons Such as me? As bad as me? No, he is worse than me. But the nominative must be used if the pronoun is followed by a clause. It is I who said it (me would not be possible here). The pronouns of the 3rd person singular discriminate gender: masculine (he), feminine (she) and neuter (it). The pronoun it takes a very special place among personal pronouns. It has a highly abstract meaning which, however, can be made more concrete in the context. There are two main cases of the use of this pronoun: (1) When used as a substitute for a certain noun or a noun equivalent, it can follow or precede its antecedent (i. e. the word for which the pronoun substitutes). Here are a few examples: (a) it used as a substitute for the preceding antecedent: a noun, a noun word-group or a sentence. Then I saw a car... It was a black Chevrolet. He's the champion! I've just heard it on the radio. (b) it used as a substitute for a word, a word-group or a clause to follow (so-called anticipatory it). He found it impossible to speak. It's like a nightmare your talking to me this way. It was doubtful if she really heard it. (2) When not used as a substitute, it can denote a certain object or phenomenon by itself. There are two kinds of this usage: (a) demonstrative it indicating things of persons that are rrtade concrete by the context or the situation. Will you take it away? It's Ann. (b) impersonal it denoting natural phenomena, especially in sentences describing weather or time conditions. It is a fine day. It is raining. It is late. It was midsummer. Besides it, there are three more personal pronouns which can be used in a highly general meaning, i.e. with indefinite reference; these are the pronouns you, they, and we. You can never know, what will happen next. They say no man is a hero to his valet, We is used instead of I by a person expressing an opinion in a radio, television or newspaper editorial, or in scientific writing. This usage is known as the editorial we (for instance, the "Morning Star" editorial is called "We say"). жүктеу/скачать 341,5 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||