Сөзге алмастырғанда шақтардың келiсуi ереженi сақтап және барлық жіктеу және тәуелді есiмдiктер және қосалқы етiстiктердiң мағына бойынша талап ететiн алмастыруларын өндiрiп алу керек

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Reported speech: He told me that the novel was interesting. Или: He said that the novel was interesting

2 Құрамдас сөйлемнiң жіктік және тәуелдік есiмдiктерi сәйкесiнше мағынаға өзгере алады:
He said, “ I was ill last summer”
He said (that) he had been il last summer.
Direct speech: She repeated, “ I work in a textile mill.”
Reported speech: She repeated (that) she worked in a textile mill.
3 Уақыт немесе мекен әрекетін Төл және Төлеу сөз анықтап сөйлеушіге жақын болса ,уақыт немесе мекен әрекеті ауысып алысынқырақ болады.

Direct speech	Reported speech
Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
this - этот	that - тот, этот
these - эти	those - те, эти
now - сейчас, теперь	then - тогда
here - здесь	there - там
today - сегодня	that day - в тот день
tomorrow - завтра	the next day - на следующий день
the day after tomorrow - послезавтра	two days later - через два дня
yesterday - вчера	the day before - накануне
the day before yesterday - позавчера	two days before - двумяднямираньше
next week, month, year - на следующей неделе, в следующем месяце, году	thenext (thefollowing) week, month, year - на следующей неделе, в следующем месяце, году
last night - вчера вечером (ночью)	the previous night - предыдущим вечером (ночью)
last week, month, year - на прошлой неделе, в прошлом месяце, году	the previous week, month, year - на предыдущей неделе, в предыдущем месяце, год

4 Егер басыңқы сөйлем өткен шақтардың бірінде тұрса (Simple Present, Past Continuous, Past Perfect),онда тура етістіктін сөзі шақтардың ережесіне сай ауысады

Direct speech	Reported speech
Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Present Simple He said, “I go to school.”	Past Simple He said (that) he went to school.
Present Continuous He said, “I am going to school.”	Past Continuous He said (that) he was going to school.
Past Simple He said, “I went to school.”	Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school.
Present Perfect He said, “I have gone to school.”	Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school.
Future Simple He said, “She will go to the cinema”	should/would + Verb1 He said, “She would go to the cinema”

Егер етістікті Төл сөзден Төлеу сөзге ауыстырғанда , ол өзгеріссіқ қалады:

-егер етістік баяндауыш осы шақ немесе келер шақта:

Direct speech	Reported speech
He`ll say, “ I`ll order a pizza for dinner”	He`ll say (that) he`ll order a pizza for dinner
He says, “I can do it”	He says (that) he can do it

5 Төл сөзден Төлеу сөзге ауыстырғанда would, could, should,ought to, used to mustn`t , had better-модальды етістіктері өзгеріске ұшырамайды .
.He said to her, “ You should send him a book”.
He said, (that) she should send him a book.

6 Иә немесе Жоқ ( yes no ) үстеулері Төлеу сөзде етістік ретінде келеді:
Yes - agree, answer in the affirmative, consent етістіктері арқылы беріледі
He said, “ Yes, I shall give this book to you”
He agreed ( consented) to give that book to me.
No- refuse, answer in the negative етістіктері арқылы беріледі
“No, I have no time,” she said.
She answered in the negative.
II.Төл сөзден Төлеу сөзге бұйрықты сөйлемде аударғанда келесі өгерістер жүреді:

Tell, ask, command, order, request + to-infinitive

Tell, ask, command, order, request + not to-infinitive

Төлеу сөзде бұйрық пен өтініш tell, ask, command,order, beg, request етістіктерден кейінгі инфинитив жай сөйлемде қолданылады.

Direct speech	Reported speech
1.Mother shouted, “ Come here at once”	1.Mother ordered me to come to her at once
2. She said, “ Give me a spoon and a fork “	2. She asked me to give her a spoon and a fork.
3.The secretary said, “ Please, passme the paper”	3. The secretary requested to passher the paper.
4 .The teacher said to me, “ Put the book on the table.”	4. The teacher told me to put the book on the table.”

Жеке және сілтеу есімдіктері мекенмен мезгіл үстеуде мағынасына қарай ауысады .

III. Төлеу сөзде сұрақтарда тура сөздер қолданылады.
Төлеу сөзде арнайы сұрақ басыңқы сөйлемге есемдіктер немесе үстеулер ( what, which, who, when, where, why ) арқылы қосылады.

Ask+wh-word

Direct speech	Reported speech
She asked us, “ Where will they go tomorrow?”	She asked us where they would go the following day ?”
The boy said, “ Which way has my brother gone?”	The boy asked which way his brother had gone

Төлеу сөзде алтернативты сұрақтар whether, if, шылаулары арқылы қосылады

Ask+if/whether

Direct speech	Reported speech
He asked me, “ Do you readEnglish?”	He asked me whether I read English or not
I asked them, “Did you see him last evening ?”	I asked them if they had seen him the previous evening.

Exercise 1. Change the sentences into Indirect speech.
1. Не said to us: "Come here tomorrow." _______________________________________
2. I said to Mike: "Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive." ___________________________
3. Father said to me: "Don't stay there long." _________________________________________
4. Peter said to them: "Don't leave the room until I come back." __________________________
5. "Take my luggage to Room 145," he said to the porter. _______________________________
6. He said to me: "Ring me up tomorrow." ___________________________________________
7. "Bring me a cup of black coffee," she said to the waiter. ______________________________
8. "Don't be late for dinner," said other to us. _________________________________________
9. Jane said to us: "Please tell me all you know about it." _______________________________
10. She said to Nick: "Please don't say anything about it to your sister."____________________
Exercise 2. Rewrite these sentences into reported speech.
1. “Is Tony talking to your brother, Susan?”
Paul asked …………………………………………………
2. “My parents went to Italy last summer.”
Sue commented …………………………………………
3. “Will you post the letter for me, Pam?”
I asked ……………………………………………………
4. “Sam hasn’t come back from England yet.”
Adam said ………………………………………………
5. “You should check your blood pressure, Mr Black is too high.”
Dr Newman advised ……………………………………
6. “Were you at Patrick’s last Saturday, Tim?”
Donald wanted to know ……………………………
7. “Let’s have a party to celebrate Halloween with our friends.”
Becky suggested ………………………………………
8. “I won’t forget to buy the food you want for tonight’s dinner, Mike.”
Helen promised ……………………………………………
9. “We must do our homework every day or our teachers get angry.”
Dave said ……………………………………………………
10. “Do you want something to eat, Jim?”
Carols asked ………………………………………………

Exercise 3. Change into indirect speech.

1. She said, "I am reading." She said that __________.

2. They said, "We are busy." They said that __________.
3. He said, "I know a better restaurant." He said that __________.
4. She said, "I woke up early." She said that __________.
5. He said, "I will ring her." He said that __________.
6. They said, "We have just arrived." They said that __________.
7. He said, "I will clean the car." He said that __________.
8. She said, "I did not say that." She said that __________.
9. She said, "I don't know where my shoes are." She said that __________.
10. He said: "I won't tell anyone." He said that __________.
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns and tenses.
1."Where is my umbrella?" she asked.
→ She asked _____
2."How are you?" Martin asked us.
→ Martin asked us _____
3.He asked, "Do I have to do it?"
→ He asked _____
4."Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
→ The mother asked her daughter ____
5."Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.
→ She asked her boyfriend ______
6."What are they doing?" she asked.
→ She wanted to know _____
7."Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.
→ He wanted to know _____
8.The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
→ The teacher wanted to know _____
9."How do you know that?" she asked me.
→ She asked me ____
10."Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.
→ My friend asked me ______

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences.
Example:
"I admire you." - She said she admired me.

"It is too late." - I said______

1"I have replied." - He claimed that_____

2"I met you yesterday." - Sam told me _____
3"I cannot come." - Mary explained that _______
4"I could fall down." - He was afraid____
5"I will pay tomorrow." - He said____
6"The Himalayas are the highest." - He knew that____
7"I may lend you some money." - Bill promised_____
8"I have been watching a film." - He replied that___
9"Claire must rest." - The doctor said________
10"I have not done it today." - I explained that____
Exercise 6. Use the indirect speech
1. 'I am very tired.' She said she____ very tired.
2. 'You play the piano very well.' Mr Jones told me I____ the piano very well.
3. 'Can you give us a hand?' They asked if we_____ give them a hand.
4. 'We 're leaving the town.' He told me they______ the town.
5. 'He hasn't shaved.' I noticed that he_____ .
6. 'Your parents have had an accident.' Sally rang to say that your parents____ an accident.
7. 'I left home at seventeen.' Her letter said that she_____ home at seventeen.
8. 'Don't worry! He won't say anything to the police'. I was sure he_____ anything to the police.
9. 'None of our relatives will come.' They knew none of their relatives_______.
10. 'This parcel has been opened at the customs.' I could see the parcel______ at the customs.

Exercise 7. Open the brackets
1. "Last year we spent in the Crimea". (They said)
2. "They moved to a new flat yesterday". (They said)
3. "I don't remember what she said". (He said)
4. "We have seen him today twice". (They said)
5. "I shall help you if you like". (She said)
6. "I have been translating this text for two hours". (He said)
7. "They are watching us at the moment". (Beth said)
8. "He will be retired next month". (His father said)
9. "You are have to be more polite". (Our teacher said)
10. "I am not doing something special now. I am watching TV".
(My friend said)

Exercise 8. Change the sentences into Indirect speech.
1. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec.
2. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me.
3. The poor man said to the rich man: "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse."
4. The rich man said to the judge: "This man's horse has killed my horse."
5. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman.
6. "I can't explain this rule to you," said my classmate to me,
7. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow."
8. The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here."
9. Mike said: "We have bought these books today."
10. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation,"

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