RELIGION IN THE
UNITED STATES
PARUKHOV ZHUMASSULTAN
Religion in the United States is widespread, diverse, and
vibrant[quantify], with the country far more religious than
other wealthy Western nations.[2] In 2021, a large majority
of Americans surveyed believed in either God (58%) or
another higher power (32%).[3] A 2023 AP survey found
72% engaged in spiritual practices such as prayer, and
63% believed in karma.[4] Most consider themselves
spiritual and religious, though there is a growing number
since 1998 who describe themselves as spiritual but not
religious.
Christianity is the most widely professed religion,
predominantly composed of Evangelicals, Catholics,
and mainline Protestants.[7][8] Freedom of religion is
guaranteed in the First Amendment to the United
States Constitution. Many scholars of religion credit
this and the country's separation of church and state
for its high level of religiousness;[9] lacking a state
church, it completely avoided the experiences of
religious warfare and conflict that characterized
European modernization.[10] Its history of religion
has always been marked by religious pluralism and
diversity.
In colonial times, Anglicans, Quakers, and other mainline
Protestants, as well as Mennonites, arrived from
Northwestern Europe. Various dissenting Protestants who
had left the Church of England greatly diversified the
religious landscape. The Thirteen Colonies were initially
marked by low levels of religiosity.[13][14] The two Great
Awakenings — the first in the 1730s and 1740s, the
second between the 1790s and 1840s — led to an
immense rise in observance and gave birth to many
evangelical Protestant denominations.
Шаршатты
мыналар!
The U.S. has the largest Christian and Protestant population
in the world.[16] According to Gallup, 75% of Americans
report praying often or sometimes and religion plays a very
(46%) or fairly (26%) important role in their lives.[17] Judaism
is the second-largest religion in the U.S., practiced by 2% of
the population, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam,
each with 1% of the population.[18] Mississippi is the most
religious state in the country, with 63% of its adult population
described as very religious, saying that religion is important
to them and attending religious services almost every week,
while New Hampshire, with only 20% of its adult population
described as very religious, is the least religious state.[19]
Congress overwhelmingly identifies as religious and
Christian; both the Republican and Democratic parties
generally nominate those who are.[20][21] The Christian left,
as seen through figures such as Martin Luther King Jr.,
Jimmy Carter, and William Jennings Bryan; along with many
figures within the Christian right have played a profound role
in the country's politics.
Таак , Мына Ия-23-ті
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Сабак окындар
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In August 2010, 67% of Americans said religion was losing
influence, compared with 59% who said this in 2006. Majorities
of white evangelical Protestants (79%), white mainline
Protestants (67%), black Protestants (56%), Catholics (71%),
and the religiously unaffiliated (62%) all agreed that religion
was losing influence on American life; 53% of the total public
said this was a bad thing, while just 10% see it as a good
thing.[241]
Politicians frequently discuss their religion when campaigning,
and fundamentalists and black Protestants are highly politically
active. However, to keep their status as tax-exempt
organizations they must not officially endorse a candidate.
Historically Catholics were heavily Democratic before the
1970s, while mainline Protestants comprised the core of the
Republican Party. Those patterns have faded away—
Catholics, for example, now split about 50–50. However, white
evangelicals since 1980 have made up a solidly Republican
group that favors conservative candidates. Secular voters are
increasingly Democratic.
Не
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Only four presidential candidates for major parties have been Catholics, all for the
Democratic party:
Alfred E. Smith in presidential election of 1928 was subjected to anti-Catholic rhetoric,
which seriously hurt him in the Baptist areas of the South and Lutheran areas of the
Midwest, but he did well in the Catholic urban strongholds of the Northeast.John F.
Kennedy secured the Democratic presidential nomination in 1960. In the 1960 election,
Kennedy faced accusations that as a Catholic president he would do as the Pope would tell
him to do, a charge that Kennedy refuted in a famous address to Protestant ministers.John
Kerry, a Catholic, won the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004. In the 2004 election
religion was hardly an issue, and most Catholics voted for his Protestant opponent George
W. Bush.[243]Joe Biden, a Catholic, won the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020,
and then won the 2020 presidential election, becoming the second Catholic president, after
John F. Kennedy.[244] Biden was also the first Catholic vice president.[245]
Joe Lieberman was the first major presidential candidate that was Jewish, on the Gore–
Lieberman campaign of 2000 (although John Kerry and Barry Goldwater both had Jewish
ancestry, they were practicing Christians). Bernie Sanders ran against Hillary Clinton in the
Democratic primary of 2016. He was the first major Jewish candidate to compete in the
presidential primary process. However, Sanders noted during the campaign that he does
not actively practice any religion.
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