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The next two components are also significant. They are correctness and conciseness. Correctness involves
proper grammar use (tense-aspect forms of the verb, verbals, articles, etc.), vocabulary use, punctuation and
formal style. Grammar should be checked with a special care, otherwise it may produce a poor impression of the
document and non-seriousness of your interests. Conciseness is usually achieved by the use of minimum words to
express maximum of information. As it has already been noted, any official business document should be simple
and clear, concise and brief. Commercial correspondence often suffers from an old-fashioned, pompous style of
English which complicates the message and gives the reader the feeling that he is reading a language he does not
understand. Though the language of contract is perhaps the most formal among all kinds of business
correspondence, and the vocabulary of such correspondence is very specific, which is connected with its character
and a great number of legal terms, it should not be archaic. It should be clear enough in its meaning. The style,
however, should not be too simple as it may become discourteous and sound rude. Some linguists (G.Leech,
J.Svartvik, Ch.Fries, O.Jespersen, M.Joos, I.V. Arnold, B.A. Ilyish, E.M. Gordon etc.) recommend the following
stylistic devices that might make agreements and contracts more polite:
•
complex sentences joined with conjunctions are preferable, rather than short sentences;
•
passive constructions rather than active;
•
full forms rather than abbreviated forms, if necessary.
The right tone should be neutral, devoid of a pompous language on one hand, and an informal or colloquial
language on the other hand. Therefore, inappropriate vocabulary, idioms, phrasal verbs are not allowed.
happen if we use a lot of abbreviations, figures and prepositions.
Abbreviations are very useful, because they are very quick to write and easy to read. But the both parties are
expected to know what the abbreviations stand for. If one of the partners is not absolutely certain that the
abbreviations are easily recognized he / she should not use it.
The symbol &, which means in English and, is used in some terms like C&F (Cost and Fright), C&I (Cost
and Insurance). But is marked as
# in contract texts. The symbol № is used instead of the word number. In
American English the symbol # means number as well, but it is used in different tables and graphics, and not in
the text. It is never used, however, to denote numbers of houses.
Very often in contracts Latin abbreviations are used, for example: e.g. (for example), et al. (and others), etc. (and
so on), v.v. (quite the opposite), i.e. (that means). Also such English abbreviations ltd. (limited), Bros, (brothers), end.
(enclosed), dols. (collars), etc. are used. The use of figures instead of words for sums can create many problems for
people. To avoid any possibility of confusion, it is recommended to write sums in both figures and words. A special
attention should be paid to titles, names, addresses, references, prices, specifications, enclosures, etc., which are also
of a great importance in texts of contracts.
Business letter from the general vocabulary borrowed a large number of
words, and then given a new special meaning, this special vocabulary has become a typical feature of a business
letter. Dynamic verb: Dynamic verbs and state verbs is different from that it can give life sentences, so that readers
note that the verb to express action, and thus to persuade readers to take some action. There fore, a large number of
business correspondence using dynamic verbs as much as possible in order to achieve its purpose. Numerals: In
order to facilitate the read, merchants to follow 'the ten principles of journalists', that is, the following figures 10 and
10 words in English spelling, more than 10 figures in Arabic numerals and write. In this way to write numbers, to
facilitate proof of conformity. The exception to this principle is the date of writing, the date base of commonly used
words (1,2,3, etc.), rather than ordinal numeral (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.). Another feature is the extensive use of figures,
which is the subject matter of business letters, business letters often talked about because of the price, specifications,
quantity of goods, date. Abbreviations and acronyms: In the business letter, the widespread use of acronyms in place
of business terms. Specific vocabulary: business letter has its own unique vocabulary of high frequency of use,
which has become a typical characteristic of this style.
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