The Alimentary Tract
The alimentary tract is a musculomembraneous canal about 8V2 m (metres) in length. It extends from the oral cavity to the anus. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract.
The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth. Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue, which is the organ of taste (вкуса). The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are also in the oral cavity.
From the mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.
The stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. It measures about 21-25 cm in length,
8.9 cm in its greatest diameter. It has a capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 1 (litres).
The small intestine is a thin-walled muscular tube about 6.5 metres long. It is located in the middle portion of the abdominal cavity. The small intestine is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
The large intestine is about 1.5 metres long. It is divided into caecum, colon, sigmanorectum.
The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The weight of the liver is 1,500 g.
The gallbladder is a hollow sac (мешок) lying on the lower surface of the liver.
The pancreas is a long thin gland lying behind the stomach.
Newwords:
membraneous [mem’breinias] перепончатый
anus [‘einas] заднийпроход
pharynx [‘faerirjks] глотка
esophagus [ii’sofsgas] пищевод
pancreas [‘paerjkriss] поджелудочнаяжелеза
gland [glaend] железа
salivary [‘saslivari] слюнный
duodenum [,dju:ou’di:nam] двенадцатиперстнаякишка
jejunum [d3i’d3u:nam] тощаякишка
ileum [‘iliam] подвздошная кишка (илеум)
caecum [‘si:kam] слепая кишка
colon [‘koulanjободочная кишка, толстая кишка
stomach [’sUmak] желудок
intestine [in’testin] п кишечник, кишка; small
intestine тонкийкишечник; large intestine толстыйкишечник
gallbladder [‘go:l,blaed3] ижёлчныйпузырь
important [im’poitant] аважный, значительный
tongue [1лг)] язык; coated tongue обложенный язык
palate [‘pselit] п нёбо; soft palate мягкоенёбо; hard palate твердоенёбо
also [lo:lsou] adv тоже, также
food [fu:d] и пища, питание;
пищевые продукты
through [9ru:] ргр через, сквозь, по, в
portion [*рэ:/(э)п] и часть; отдел; доля, порция
measure [‘тезэ] п мера; v измерять
tube [tj
u:b] и труба, трубка; тюбик
1.Translate these sentences and define the part of speech of the words in bold type:
1. The left atrium and ventricle connected by the mitral valve form the left chamber of the heart. 2. The operation made on the diseased joints restored the health of the patient. 3. The main inner organs included in the thoracic cavity are the heart and lungs. 4. The blood carried through the veins from the trunk, head and extremities to the right atrium is called venous.
2.Say what organ is spoken about:
This organ is the largest gland in the human body. It is in the upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm in the right side of the abdomen. Its upper surface is convex. This organ consists of small lobules connected together by connective tissue, different vessels and nerves.
This organ is pyriform (грушевидный) in shape. It is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. The liver is above this organ, and the colon is below it. Thepancreasisbehindthisorgan.
3.Combine the adjectives with the proper nouns given below. Translate your word combinations:
inner, serous, salivary, hard, exact (точный), vital, connective, pale;
length, palate, coat, capacity, tissue, gland, layer, face
Бақылаусұрақтары (керібайланыс)
1. What are the parts of alimentary tract?
2. Where is the alimentary tract?
3. What is the function of the alimentary tract?
4. What are three functions of the alimentary canal?
5. What is an alimentary system?
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