05.04.2019 Информатика, 8 класс К.Ю. Поляков, Е.А. Еремин
Глава 3. Программирование (язык Python)
Условные обозначения
– задание выполняется на компьютере
– задание выполняется в тетради – задание выполняется устно
Материал, который изучается только на углублённом уровне, выделен знаками
…
§ 17. Введение
Ключевые слова:
программирование система программирования программист транслятор![](data:image/png;base64,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) ![](data:image/png;base64,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) ![](data:image/png;base64,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) ![](data:image/png;base64,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) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
программа компилятор комментарий интерпретатор оператор отладчик вывод на экран![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAHMAAACZCAYAAAAcnAUCAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxQGMMD9aAAACR0lEQVR4nO3Y7WqrQBRA0V7o+79yL4EIIaTpxI9Et2v/TlRcnFHn+0uZvj99AVovmKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZ6h2YP4O/+7fpVZygrTBHAX/7D9gZrYk5B3DkWGAHWwtzTchHxwY60FLMLREfnQfqk5Zgvgvy/pxAf2ku5icgb88N9EFzMD8JOQX0Qa9i7gFyCuhdr2DuCXIK6E2F7Tyg10Yx9ziVumsE8wiQpvOrsczq2l+YR5jKqdNPp8kMBTMUzFDPMI/0vJw69XPTZIaCGQpmKJihYIaCGQpmKJihnmFePr6PtnFw2g2DSyYzFMxQf2Eecak9baXJPPXz8lIJ8/SNYB5hqT39VF4ancwjgJ6+wjJrKq+9grnH6QR506uTuSdQkHfNWWb3AAryQXOfmZ8EBflLS16APgEK8klL32anm7s1KsSB1vo02XJKQQ625nfm7U1fCgtwRlttGsyBBbiwd+wAQXpThe08XYMZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZ6j+plipmlOWnDwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==) ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAHMAAACZCAYAAAAcnAUCAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxQGMMD9aAAACR0lEQVR4nO3Y7WqrQBRA0V7o+79yL4EIIaTpxI9Et2v/TlRcnFHn+0uZvj99AVovmKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZ6h2YP4O/+7fpVZygrTBHAX/7D9gZrYk5B3DkWGAHWwtzTchHxwY60FLMLREfnQfqk5Zgvgvy/pxAf2ku5icgb88N9EFzMD8JOQX0Qa9i7gFyCuhdr2DuCXIK6E2F7Tyg10Yx9ziVumsE8wiQpvOrsczq2l+YR5jKqdNPp8kMBTMUzFDPMI/0vJw69XPTZIaCGQpmKJihYIaCGQpmKJihnmFePr6PtnFw2g2DSyYzFMxQf2Eecak9baXJPPXz8lIJ8/SNYB5hqT39VF4ancwjgJ6+wjJrKq+9grnH6QR506uTuSdQkHfNWWb3AAryQXOfmZ8EBflLS16APgEK8klL32anm7s1KsSB1vo02XJKQQ625nfm7U1fCgtwRlttGsyBBbiwd+wAQXpThe08XYMZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZCmYomKFghoIZ6j+plipmlOWnDwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==) ![](data:image/png;base64,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) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
В курсе информатики 7 класса вы уже познакомились с понятием алгоритма и составляли программы для исполните-лей Робот и Рисователь. В этом году мы продолжим заниматься программированием, используя язык Python 3. Этот язык сей-час применяется во многих областях, в том числе для разработ-ки веб-сайтов и решения задач искусственного интеллекта.
Алгоритмы
Сначала вспомним основные сведения из курса 7 класса, которые нам понадобятся.
Алгоритм – это точное описание порядка действий для некоторого исполнителя. Исполнителем называют человека, животное или машину, способных понимать и выполнять неко-
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05.04.2019 Информатика, 8 класс К.Ю. Поляков, Е.А. Еремин
торые команды. Формальный исполнитель любую команду все-гда выполняет одинаково, не обдумывая её.
Любой алгоритм можно составить с помощью трёх базовых конструкций: следования (последовательного выполнения ко-манд), ветвлений (выбора одного из двух вариантов действий) и циклов (повторения одинаковых действий).
Алгоритмы можно записывать на естественном (например, русском) языке, в виде блок-схем или на языке программирова-ния. Запись алгоритма на языке программирования называется программой.
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