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прагматического аспектов оригинального текста. В статье использованы методы наблюдений, экспериментов,
моделирования и обобщения. Эти лингвокультурные и прагматические аспекты являются основой статьи.
Ключевые слова: лингвокультурный, прагматика, перевод, транскрипция, транслитерация.
Abstract: The article discusses the linguocultural and pragmatic aspects of the translation of the original text into
English. The main purpose of the article is to show the peculiarities of the translation of the linguistic, cultural and
pragmatic aspects of the original text.The methods of observation, experiments, modeling and generalization were used
in this article. These linguocultural and pragmatic aspects are the basis of the article.
Key words: linguocultural, pragmatic, translation, transcription, transliteration.
Pragmatics is the one of the branch of linguistics which
studies the effect of language units on people interaction.
And the pragmatics of translation is the need to have a
certain impact on the recipient in order to formulate a
clear view of the textual information. Words in language
are related to certain referents which they designate and to
other words of the same language with which they make
up syntactic units. Words are also related to the people
who use them. The people develop a certain attitude to the
words they use.To the users of the language its words are
not just indifferent, unemotional labels of words acquire
definite implications, they evoke a positive or negative
response, they are associated with certain theories, beliefs,
likes or dislikes. There are “ noble” words like “honour,
dignity , freedom” , etc. and “low” words like “infamy,
cowardice, betrayal”. Words can be nice or ugly, attractive
or repulsive. Such relationships between the word and its
users are called “pragmatic”. The pragmatic implications
of a word are an important parts of its meaning that
produces a certain effect upon the Receptor. Of even
greater significance is the
pragmatic aspect of speech
units. Every act of speech communication is meant for a
certain Receptor, it is aimed at producing a certain effect
upon him. In this respect any communication is an exercise
in pragmatics. Since the pragmatic effect plays such an
important part in communication, its preservation in
translation is the primary concern of the translator, though
it is by no means an easy task. The pragmatic aspect of
translation involves a number of difficult problems.
To begin with, the pragmatic of the original text cannot
be as a rule directly reproduced in translation but often
require important changes in the transmitted message.
Correlated words in different languages may produce
dissimilar effect upon the users. An “ambition” in English
is just the name of a quality which may evoke any kind
of response –positive, negative or neutral. In Kazakh
“амбиция” is a definitely word. When we consider not
just separate words but a
phrase or number of phrases
in a text, the problem becomes more complicated. The
communicative effect of speech unit does not depend
on the meaning of its components alone, but involves
considerations of the situational context and the previous
experience. A report that John has run a hundred metres in
9 seconds will pass unnoticed by some people and create
a sensation with others who happen to know that it is a
wonderful record-breaking achievement. Here, again, a
great role is played by differences in the historical and
cultural backgrounds of different language communities,
in their customs and living conditions. It stands to reason
that the natives of a tropical island can hardly be impressed
by the statement that something is “as white as snow”.
The reported “cooling” in the relations between two
friends may be understood as a welcome development
by the people who live in a very hot climate. It seems
imperative, therefore that translation should involve a kind
of pragmatic adaptation to provide for the preservation
of the original communicative effect. This adaptation
must ensure that the text of translation conveys the same
attitude to the reported facts as does the original text. The
pragmatic adaptation of the translation must also see to it
that TR understands the implications of the message and is
aware of its figurative or situational meaning. In pragmatic
aspect of translation the term translation strategy is well
known. Translation strategy is the translator’s system of
action during the translation work.
Pragmatics of translation is a wide notion which covers
not only pragmatic meaning of a word, but some problems
connected with various levels of understanding by speech
acts communicants of
certain meanings or messages,
depending on linguistic or paralinguistic factors , that
is, background knowledge. A well-known linguist
Komissarov points out that pragmatic aspect of translation
should be considered from three points. One of them is
conveying pragmatic meaning of words . This point chiefly
pertains to the translation of national realia and equivalent
lacking words that is, various names.
The term pragmatic meaning of a word is not yet fully
investigated. But some linguists point out that the pragmatic
component of the word meaning, which is realized in
various kinds of emotive and stylistic connotations, is
individually-occasional or collectively used meanings
. They reflect the conditions
of a language unit use, the
conditions such as situation and place of communication,
subject and purpose of communication; social, ethnic, and
individual peculiarities of communicants, their attitude
towards one another irrespective of the fact whether
pragmatic aspects are singled out into a certain type of
a word meaning or whether it is considered among other
components of its meaning, pragmatic meaning, which is
fixed in a word, plays an important role and its retention
ensures complete communicative adequacy of translation
to the original.Pragmatics as a linguistic term means the
analysis of language in terms of the situational context,
within which utterances are made, including the knowledge
and beliefs of the speaker and the relation between
speaker and listener. Pragmatic information is actualized
in translating the equivalent–lacking lexical units, first of
all personal names, geographical names, national realia by
way of transcription and transliteration. But in some cases,
while translating the names of states, boroughs, counties
and provinces explication of
their implicit information
is needed. According to linguo-culturologic research,
linguistic analysis allows to divide units of language into
three types: words and sayings which totally coincide in the
languages compared; words and sayings which partially
coincide in the languages compared; words and languages
which do not coincide in the language compared. Various
54
aspects of linguo-culturology have also been the subject
of the article. As a rule, personal names are translated be
means of transcription or transliteration .
But when a proper name acquires the connotation as
an important pragmatic factor, it should be translated on
a communicative but not on a semantic level. As to the
meaning of national realia it is more often than not rendered
by means of transcription or transliteration, but very often
explication of their national meaning is also necessary. For
example: All his life was spent working on a collective farm
, growing fruit and berries. He always had a ketmen in his
hands, right up to the day of his death. The word “ketmen”
is an implement for working the land; a mattock. While
translating the names of national holidays the pragmatic
approach is also required. For example,
Kurban ait is
translated by transliteration, and gives notion of muslim
holiday. In these example we can notice the linguocultural
and linguocultural pragmatic aspects of the work. Every
translator should have experience when they translate
realies, phraseologisms. Because these need a special
knowledge which is called backround knowledge. The
knowledge of culture is as well as.Sociolinguistic aspect
of the theory of translation includes the consideration of
translation as socially determined communicative process,
social norm of translation and viewing translation as the
reflection of a social world. The objects of description
are various kinds of socially conditioned pragmatic
relations, which determine the essence of translation
as communicative act: pragmatics of source text, which
determines
its functional type; pragmatics of target text,
oriented to a different culture [4, 18]; orientation of the
translator for meeting the requirements of the society, that
is, social norm of translation; pragmatics of the language
units of both source and target languages, the pragmatics,
which is connected with stratification and situational
varieties of lexicon.Pragmatic approach to the analysis of
the situation will show the translator the right way.
Source text: «Өмір-өзен бір минутқа кідірмей, сы-
наптай сырғып өтіп барады екен ғой. Сау кезімізде
соңымызға жалтақтаудан гөрі, дүрмекке ілесіп, алға
қарай ұмсына берсек керек.» [11]
Translation: «Gaukhar, I have made a discovery. Life
is a river. And you and I have sailed this river for ten
years. Everything was fine. We worked, had children, the
children grew up. We embraced our joys and came through
misfortune. We were like everybody else.» [19]
Source text: «Әйтсе де, жолаушының оқта-текте
бір тоқтап, өзі басып өткен өмір жолдарының кедір-
бұдырына көз қырын тастап қойғаны да зиян емес пе
деп қалдым. Өйткені кешегі
кемшілік ертеңге сабақ
қой. Міне, біздер он жылдан бері бір мәрте де жүз шай-
ыспай, әй-шәй деспей, тату-тәтті өмір сүріп келдік.
Адам, сірә, бұл өмірдің қызығына тойған ба?! Деген-
мен, өзіңмен жақсылы-жаманды бірге өзткізген азды-
көпті күндеріме мен өле-өлгенше ризамын. » [11]
Translation: «But the river of life keeps on flowing.
It’s always flowing. And you, Gaukhar, dwelt on its final
destination: where it’s carrying us on its mighty waves. To
be honest, I never thought about that. We’re on it together
– that’s good enough for me. Like everyone else. Like
thousands, millions of people. After all, travelers crossing
the steppe, sometimes climb to the top of a hill and look
around , to see where the road has led them, how much is
behind them and what’s left to be covered. The same with
us, those of us sailing through the river of life –we should
sometimes look back and then, carefully, forward, since a
person is not just a piece of wood that doesn’t care where
the river takes it.» [19]
Source text:«Гауһар!Сені тура бүгінгідей ешқашанда
аңсап, сабыр суым сарқыла күтпеген едім.Мүмкін, бұл
әдеттегі үйреншікті сағыныш емес, өзіме де беймәлім
басқа бір сезім шығар.Кейде адамда мұндай да бола-
ды екен-ау. Өзіңді кеше ғана көрдім.Ал,бүгін сағынып
қалдым.Жәудіреген мөлдір жанарыңды да, сүйріктей
аққу мойныңды да, үлпілдеген көмір қара шашыңды
да, қас қағымда жанымды баурап әкететін сүйкімді
наз-қылығыңды да аңсадым.» [12]
Translation: «Gaukhar! Never before did I long to see
you as much as I do now. I miss the warmth in your eyes,
your white, swan-like neck and your ebony hair.I grieve
without you. Your image has forever captured me. And
now it plays with my emotions, carrying me away like a
fiery whirlwind.» [20]
To sum up the above said, it is necessary to stress the
importance of the translator’s background knowledge.
That is, profound knowledge of history, culture, mode of
life of the country, the language of which he studies and is
supposed to know for being a good translator.Translating
process reveals double pragmatic orientation. On one hand,
it is realized within inner lingual communication and thus
being oriented to the original. On the other hand, translation
is a concrete speech act which is pragmatically oriented
to a certain recipient. Pragmatic task of the translation
aims at ensuring maximal equivalency with the original.
Pragmatic aspect of the translation is very important
especially in translation of nationally-biased units of
lexicon.In conclusion, one should know that it is important
to note that each nation has its own cultural vision of the
world and a cultural-historic way.In the linguocultural
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: