Seminar 4 Theme: “Word-formation” 1. Minor types of word-formation
References: 1. Arnold I.V. The English Word. M., 1973
2. Ginsburg R.S., Khidekel S.S., Knyaseva G.Y., Sankin A.A. A Course in Modern English Lexicology. M., 1966
3. Grinberg L.E., Kuznetz M.D., Kumacheva A.V., Melzer G.M. Exercises in Modern English Lexicology. M., 1960
4. Гальперин И.Р. и др. Лексикология английского языка. М., 1956.
5. Смирницкий А.И. Лексикология английского языка. М., 1956.
6. Хидекель С.С. и др. Английская лексикология в выдержках и извлечениях. Л., 1969.
7. Швейцер А.Д. Очерк современного английского языка США. М., 1963, гл. 1,4.
Questions for self-control: 1. What are the minor types of word-formation? Give a definition of minor types of word-formation and enumerate them.
2. What is sound interchange? Give examples
3. Is sound interchange productive or non-productive in Modern English?
4. Was sound interchange productive or non-productive in Old English?
5. What can the causes of sound interchange be?
6. Are voiceless or voiced consonants typical for nouns? Give examples.
7. Are voiceless or voiced consonants typical for verbs? Give examples.
8. What three groups of words can be distinguished among the words formed with the help of sound-interchange? Give examples.
9. Can sound-interchange sometimes be accompanied by affixation? Give examples.
10. What is stress interchange? Give examples
11. Do nouns of Romanic origin have stress on the first syllable or the last syllable?
12. Do verbs of Romanic origin have stress on the first syllable or the last syllable?
13. How can stress interchange be explained?
14. Does stress interchange cause vowel interchange too? Explain and give examples.
15. What is sound imitation? Give examples
16. What are the semantic groups of words formed by sound imitation? Give examples.
17 How are nouns formed from the verbs created by sound imitation? Give examples.
18. What is blend? Give examples
19. In what verbs and nouns can stress-interchange be mostly met?
20. What two ways of word-building are combined in blends? Explain and give examples.
21. What is blending of addictive type? Give examples
22. What is blending of restrictive type? Give examples
23. What is back formation? Give examples
24. Do the words formed through back-formation change their part-of-speech meaning? Give examples.
25. How did back formation first appear? Explain and give examples.