А. П. Голубев, Н. В. Балюк, И. Б. Смирнова

224 
EXERCISES 
1.
 
Find in the text the synonyms of the following words: 
inventor; author; to compose; very old; profession; to leave; schooling; 
triumph; breakdown; dead; well-off; serious; costly; to start; continuation; 
prize 
2.
 
Say to which facts the following figures refer: 
22;1948;1962;1964;1965;1968;1975; 1984; 1986; 1989; 1993; 1997 
3.
 
Make up ten questions about Andrew Lloyd Webber. 
4.
 
Speak about Andrew Lloyd Webber. 
5.
 
Speak about a famous Russian composer. 
T e x t 2 
Joseph Mallord William Turner 
(1775-1851) 
Joseph Mallord William Turner is one of the greatest English romantic 
painters and the most original of English landscape artists. Turner was born 
in London in 1775. His first drawings are dated 1787, when he was only 
twelve. His childish sketchbooks are still preserved in the British Museum. 
He received almost no general education but at 14 he became a student at the 
Royal Academy of Arts and three years later was making drawings for 
magazines. In 1791 he exhibited two watercolors at the Royal Academy for 
the first time. He became famous for visionary interpretations of landscape, 
making experiments with light and colour. 
In 1802 he went to the Continent, where he painted his famous 
Calais 
Pier
(now exhibited in the National Gallery, London). Later he often 
travelled in England or abroad, using every opportunity to make sketches for 
his studio paintings in oil and watercolour. His works were exhibited 
regularly, and in 1807 he became professor of the Academy. Turner showed 
a remarkable ability to choose the best from the tradition of landscape 
painting. Among his paintings are 
Dido Building Carthage
(The National 
Gallery, London) and 
Crossing the Brook
(The Tate Gallery, London). 
Despite his early and continued success Turner lived a very quiet life. As 
his fame grew, he bought a large gallery in London for exhibition of his 
work, but continued to live very modestly with his old father. His painting 
became increasingly abstract, as he wanted to portray light, space, and the 
elemental forces of nature. He showed atmospheric effects with bright 
colours, for example, in 
The Grand Canal
(The Metropolitan Museum, New 
York) and 
Approach to Venice
(The National Gallery, Washington, DC). In 
his will he left more than 19,000 water- 

225 
painter; 
romantic; 
landscape; 
artist; 
drawing; 
sketchbook; 
to exhibit; 
watercolour; 
visionary; 
studio; 
oil; 
abstract; 
to portray; 
light;
colour;
space; 
unsurpassed; 
to paint;
art gallery 
colours, drawings, and oils to the nation. Most of these works are in the 
National Gallery and the Tate Gallery, London. In watercolour he is 
unsurpassed. 

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