Weinberg equilibrium holds. Ecological and genetic variability of the population
and methods of their
analysis. DNA markers in population genetic studies.
Genetic foundations of evolution.
Variability: phenotypic, genotypic, paratypic, modification. Modifications. Reaction rate. The concept of
the adaptive rate.
Elementary factors of evolution.
Evolutionary factors are causing changes in the genotypic structure of the population. Natural selection
and the significance of probability and chance.
Biological and evolutionary significance of species.
The
general concept of the species, characteristic of the difficulty in its universal application. The
reasons
for the increase in the number of species. Speciation. Instant speciation. Gradual and sympatric
speciation.
The importance of geographical variability and its adaptive nature.
Analysis of insulating mechanisms, their classification, and significance. Examples of violations of the
action of insulating mechanisms.
Evolution of ontogeny.
The concept of ontogeny. Features of ontogenesis in different organisms and its duration. Ontogenetic
differentiation. Duration of ontogenesis. Integrity and stability of ontogeny.
Autonomy and
embryonization of ontogenesis.
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