135
The Advanced Apprenticeship Framework offered clear
pathways and outcomes that addressed the issues facing the in-
dustry. This system was in place since the 1950's. The system
provided young people with an alternative to staying in full-time
education post- 16/18 to gain pure academic qualifications with-
out work-based learning. The Advanced Apprenticeship's of the
1950's 60's and 70's provided the necessary preparation towards
Engineering Technician or Chartered Engineer registration. Ap-
prentices undertook a variety of job roles in numerous technical
functions to assist the work of engineers, in the design, develop-
ment, manufacture and maintenance of production system.
In modern times, apprenticeship became less important,
especially as employment in heavy industry and artisan trades has
declined since the 1980s. Traditional apprenticeships reached
their lowest point in the 1980s: by that time, training pro-
grammes were rare and people who were apprentices learned
mainly by example.
/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_education_in_England/
136
Рекомендуемая литература
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Алекссев А.С. Всемирные хроники. От святого Патрика до
Олега Вещего. – М.: Вузовская книга, 2008. – 800 с.
Барлоу Ф. Вильгельм I и нормандское завоевание /
William I and the Norman Conquest. Пер. С. Иванов. – М.: Ев-
разия, 2007. – 316 с.
Брендон П. Упадок и разрушение Британской импе-
рии
The Decline and Fall of the British Empire / Пер.
М.Жукова. – М.: АСТ, 2010. – 984 с.
Иглз Р., Диксон Э. История Англии / The Rough
Guides Chronicle: England. Пер. Г.Горевцова. – М.: АСТ, Аст-
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Коути Е. Великобритания. Страна замков, дворцов и
парков. – М.: Вече, 2012. – 416 с.
Крылов Д. Шотландия / Д., Крылов, С. Соболева. – М.:
Эксмо, 2008. – 308 с.
Модестов В.С. Английские пословицы и поговорки и
их русские соответствия / English Proverbs and Sayings with
Their Russian Equivalents. – М.: Русский язык-Медиа, 2009. –
480 с.
Мортон Г.В. Англия и Уэльс. Прогулки по Британии /
In Search of England: In Search of Wales. Пер. Т. Минина, Н.
Омельченко, М. Башкатов. – М.: Эксмо, 2009. – 752.
Пикард Л. Викторианский Лондон. Жизнь города /
Victorian London: The Life of a City: 1840-1870. Пер. В. Кула-
гина-Ярцева, Н. Кротовская, М. Бурмистрова. – М.: Изда-
тельство Ольги Морозовой, 2011. – 560 с.
Черчилль У. История англоязычных народов / A His-
tory of the English-Speaking People. – М.: Гонзо, 2012. – 1864
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