Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов


Exercise 9. Make up your own sentences according to the models



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Exercise 9. Make up your own sentences according to the models. 
Model A
: Turning is a cutting process. It produces a cylindrical surface.
 
Being a cutting process, turning produces a cylindrical surface. 
1. Milling is a comparatively complex process. It forms the final part. 
2. An oxy-fuel cutting torch is a tool for the burning process. It cuts a plate of 
steel into smaller pieces. 3. A grinding machine is a cutting machine. It produces 
very fine finishes. 4. A milling machine is a cutting machine. It performs a vast 
number of complex operations. 5. Chemical milling is an example of a special 
process. It removes excess material by the use of etching and masking chemicals. 
Model B: 
The workpiece which should be turned is rather hard.
 
The workpiece to be turned is rather hard. 
1. The metal parts which should be cut are in the foundry. 2. The com-
plex operations which should be done embrace slot cutting and threading. 
3. A piece of material which should be turned is made of wood or metal. 
4. The milling cutter which should be used is rather hard. 5. The cutting tool 
which should be traversed along two axes of motion produces precise diam-
eters and lengths. 
READING
Exercise 10. Read the text, try to focus on its essential facts and choose the most 
suitable heading given below for each paragraph.
1) Different Kinds of Joining Processes 
2) Turning Process
3) Different Kinds of Cutting Processes
4) Milling Process
5) Grinding Machine
6) Different Kinds of Chip Producing Processes
CUTTING AND JOINING PROCESSES
Besides forming processes, metalworking includes cutting and joining 
processes. Cutting is considered to be a collection of processes wherein mate-
rial is brought to a specified geometry by removing excess material. In cutting 
metals the excess metal is chips or swarf. Cutting is nearly fully represented 
by machining, burning, and some special processes. Machining is most com-
monly known to be a chip producing process. Drilling a hole in a metal part is 
the most common example of a chip producing process. Burning is a process 
during which metal parts are cut into pieces. Using an oxy-fuel cutting torch to 
separate a plate of steel into smaller pieces is an example of burning. Chemical 


164
milling is an example of a special process that removes excess material by the 
use of etching and masking chemicals.
In metalworking a lot of chip producing technological processes are avail-
able, such as turning, boring, milling, drilling, grinding, etc.
Turning is a cutting process for producing a cylindrical surface. It can be 
done on a lathe, which frequently requires continuous supervision by the op-
erator, or by using modern computer numerical control (CNC) lathes. When 
turning, a piece of material (wood, metal, plastics, or stone) rotates and a cut-
ting tool (usually single-point) is traversed along two axes of motion to produce 
precise diameters and lengths. Turning can be either on the outside of the cyl-
inder or on the inside (also known as boring) to produce tubular components 
of various sizes. 
Milling is a comparatively complex process of removing material to form 
the final part. It is generally done on a milling machine, which includes a mill-
ing cutter (usually multipoint) that rotates about its axis, and a worktable that 
can move in multiple directions. Milling machines can perform a vast number 
of complex operations, such as slot cutting, planing, drilling, threading, rab-
beting, etc. There are two common types of milling machines: the horizontal 
and vertical mills.
A grinding machine is a machine used for producing very fine finishes. 
As a rule, a grinding machine uses an abrasive wheel as a cutting device to re-
move material from the workpiece. It can be made of various sizes and types of 
stones or inorganic materials.
Finished parts that meet specifications are assembled into different kinds 
of machines. For this purpose, temporary and permanent joining techniques 
exist. Mechanical fastening, sometimes called temporary mechanical joining, 
includes joining processes which use bolts, screws, studs, etc. Permanent join-
ing processes embrace welding, brazing, soldering, and riveting.


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