English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
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пособие мед 2 (1) 2
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Exercise 2. a) Match the term element with its meaning
- Exercise 3. Read the following word-combinations and translate them into Ukrainian
- Exercise 4. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the use of the pronouns one/ones. Say what function they perform in sentences: 1. Hard beds are healthier than soft ones
- Exercise 5. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian: PYELONEPHRITIS Pyelonephritis ( pyel(o)
Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:
Exercise 2. a) Match the term element with its meaning:
b) Guess what is meant:
1. Study of the brain 2. Inflammation of the kidney pelvis 3. Specialist who deals with nervous diseases 4. Specialist in lung diseases 5. Pain in the chest 6. Cell of the liver 7. Surgical restoration of blood vessels 8. Mechanism of the heart activity Exercise 3. Read the following word-combinations and translate them into Ukrainian: An ascending infection of the kidney, congenital renal pathologies, a general set of symptoms, obtuse pain in the loins, cloudy and bloody urine, to be caused by bacteria, to penetrate through the urethra, to ensue in the course of cystitis, to have persistent hypertension, to be replaced by the non-functional tissue, to lead to kidney failure, to determine the underlying cause, to prevent the recurrence of disease, to require surgery. Exercise 4. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the use of the pronouns one/ones. Say what function they perform in sentences: 1. Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. 2. These stretchers are broken. Take those ones. 3. I’ve lost my inhaler. I need a new one immediately. 4. Don’t put this white gown on, it's dirty. Put this one on. 5. If you haven’t got average syringes, small ones will also do. 6. Do you remember Dr. Green? – Is that the one who operated on me last year? 7. The doctor has asked me to bring another case history. This one is crumpled. 8. In chronic processes the normal organic tissue may be replaced by the non-functional one. Exercise 5. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian: PYELONEPHRITIS Pyelonephritis (pyel(o) – combining form denoting the pelvis of the kidney) is an ascending infection of the kidney. As a rule, it is caused by bacteria that penetrates into the urinary tract from outside through the urethra. It may also ensue in the course of such concomitant diseases as cystitis in women, glomerular nephritis, or urinary stone disease (urolithiasis). There are two forms of pyelonephritis: acute and chronic ones. Acute pyelonephritis often begins suddenly with chills. The patient has the general set of symptoms: malaise, headache, profuse sweating, nausea and vomiting. Then, the fever raises rapidly up to 39-40 °C. It is usually accompanied with the dull pain in the loins on the side of the affected kidney. Urination may not be disturbed in uncomplicated cases of pyelonephritis. However, the urine is cloudy and bloody due to the presence of bacteria, protein, and erythrocytes in it. If timely revealed and treated, the patient quickly recovers with the return of the normal kidney function. Chronic pyelonephritis results from the undertreated acute form of the disease. It is often asymptomatic and can be detected only by means of urinalysis or if the patient has persistent hypertension. In chronic pyelonephritis, the normal renal tissue is replaced by the connective non-functional one. The kidney becomes small and scarred that leads to kidney failure. Among other complications are pyonephrosis (purulent inflammation of the kidney) and urosepsis (presence of urine waste products throughout the body). A full urological investigation is carried out to determine the underlying cause of pyelonephritis. It includes urinalysis that detects such signs of urinary tract infection as haematuria, albuminuria, bacteriuria, etc.; a urine test strip that reveals the presence of leukocytosis; blood tests; microbiological culture of the urine and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The first aim of treatment of pyelonephritis consists in removing the underlying abnormalities to prevent the recurrence of disease. Therefore, it includes the administration of appropriate antibiotics to relieve the inflammatory process in the kidney and antibacterial drugs to remove bacteria. The patient must strictly follow a certain diet: one must consume a lot of fruit and vegetables, and drink 3-4 l of water daily. Spicy and fatty food must be avoided. The consumption of salt must be excluded. Surgery is required in severe cases of pyelonephritis or in cases of congenital renal pathologies. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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