Методическая разработка по английскому языку для студентов факультета химии и химической технологии " Simple Chemistry" Алматы 2017
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мет. разработка по химии
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Adjective |
Comparative |
Superlative |
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Happy |
Happier |
Happiest |
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Tangled |
more tangled |
most tangled |
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Simple |
Simpler |
Simplest |
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Busy |
Busier |
Busiest |
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Tilted |
more tilted |
most tilted |
Three or more syllables
Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by putting more in front of the adjective, and the superlative by putting most in front.
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Adjective |
Comparative |
Superlative |
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Important |
more important |
most important |
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Expensive |
more expensive |
most expensive |
Irregular comparatives and superlatives
These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative forms.
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Adjective |
Comparative |
Superlative |
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good |
better |
best |
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bad |
worse |
worst |
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little |
Less |
least |
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much/many |
More |
most |
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far |
further / farther |
furthest / farthest |
Examples
Today is the worst day I’ve had in a long time.
You play tennis better than I do.
This is the least expensive sweater in the store.
This sweater is less expensive than that one.
I ran pretty far yesterday, but I run even farther today.
Vocabulary
an acid кислота
to donate отдавать
hydron гидрон
hydrogen ion ион водорода
an electron pair электронная пара
a Lewis acid кислота Льюиса
a proton donor донор протона
a Bronsted acid кислота Бронстеда
an aqueous solution водный раствор
hydronium ion ион гидрония
an Arrhenius acid кислота Аррениуса
to provide обеспечивать
to be capable of быть способным
a sour taste кислый вкус
to turn red окрашивать в красный цвет
a litmus лакмус
to generalize обобщать
a base основание
acidic кислотный
a chemical химическое вещество
common распространенный
hydrochloric acid соляная кислота
acetic acid ацетоновая кислота
citric acid лимонная кислота
a pure substance чистое вещество
a strong acid сильная кислота
a weak acid слабая кислота
corrosive коррозионный
an exception исключение
boron trifluoride трифторид бора
a vacant orbital свободная орбиталь
a lone pair неподеленная пара
ammonia аммиак
boric acid борная кислота
well-equipped хорошо оборудованный
to prepare приготовить
to propose предлагать
to discuss обсуждать
Ex. 1 Read and translate the text
What is acid?
An acid is a molecule or ion which is capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid). The first category of acids is the proton donors or Bronsted acids. In the special case of aqueous solutions, proton donors form the hydronium ion H3O+ and are known as Arrhenius acids. Bronsted and Lowry generalized the Arrhenius theory to include non-aqueous solvents. A Bronsted or Arrhenius acid usually contains a hydrogen atom which is bonded to a chemical structure.
Aqueous Arrhenius acids have characteristic properties which provide a practical description of an acid. Acids form aqueous solutions with a sour taste. They turn blue litmus red, and react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are acidic.
Common aqueous acids include hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and citric acid. As these examples show, acids are solutions or pure substances. Strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive, but there are exceptions such as boric acid.
The second category of acids is Lewis acids, which form a covalent bond with an electron pair. An example is boron trifluoride (BF3), where boron atom has a vacant orbital which can form a covalent bond by the sharing of a lone pair of electrons on an atom in a base, for example the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH3).
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