Методическая разработка по английскому языку для студентов факультета химии и химической технологии " Simple Chemistry" Алматы 2017
Ex. 6 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian or Kazakh
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мет. разработка по химии
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- Ex. 7 Read and translate the text General properties of hydrocarbons
| Ex. 6 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian or Kazakh.
1. The collection of substances that is involved in a chemical reaction is referred to as a system and anything else around it is called the surroundings. 2. Organic reactions occur between organic molecules (molecules which contain carbon and hydrogen). 3. This causes the protonation of water, or the creation of the hydronium (H3O+) ion. 4. In this traditional representation we formulate an acid-base neutralization reaction as a double-replacement reaction. 5. Aromatic hydrocarbons, also known as arenes, are hydrocarbons that have at least one aromatic ring. 6. Chocolate chip ice cream is not homogeneous—one spoonful taken might have two chips, and then another spoonful might have several chips. 7. Within any particular shell, the energy of the orbitals depends on the angular momentum. 8. The majority of hydrocarbons on Earth occur in crude oil. Ex. 7 Read and translate the text General properties of hydrocarbons Because of differences in molecular structure, the empirical formula remains different between hydrocarbons. In linear alkanes, alkynes and alkenes, the amount of bonded hydrogen lessens in alkenes and alkynes due to the “self-bonding” or catenation of carbon which prevents entire saturation of the hydrocarbon by the formation of double or triple bonds. This ability of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is catenation, and allows hydrocarbons to form more complex molecules, such as cyclohexane, and in rare cases, arenes such as benzene. This ability comes from the fact that the bond character between carbon atoms is entirely non-polar. Generally, with catenation there is the loss of the total amount of bonded hydrocarbons and an increase in the amount of energy which is necessary for bond cleavage due to strain exerted upon the molecule. In simple chemistry the carbon atom follows the rule, which states that the maximum number of atoms available to bond with carbon is equal to the number of electrons that are attracted into the outer shell of carbon. In terms of shells, carbon consists of an incomplete outer shell, which comprises 4 electrons, and thus has 4 electrons available for covalent bonding. Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic like lipids. Some hydrocarbons also are abundant in the solar system. Vocabulary because of из-за due to благодаря an empirical formula эмпирическая формула a difference различие to remain оставаться alkyne алкин bonded hydrogen связанный водород bonded hyd rocarbons связанные углеводороды to lessen уменьшаться, ослабевать an amount количество self-bonding само присоединение catenation образование цепи to prevent предотвращать entire полный an ability способность to bond to присоединяться to allow позволять to come from the fact объясняться фактом complex сложный bond character характер связи entirely полностью in rare cases в редких случаях to be necessary for необходимый для bond cleavage расщепление связи strain давление, деформация exerted upon оказываемый на to follow следовать a rule правило to state гласить available доступный an outer shell внешняя оболочка to be equal to быть равным to be attract into быть завлекаемым в in terms of относительно to comprise включать thus таким образом covalent bonding ковалентное связывание hydrophobic гидрофобный solar system солнечная система a lipid липид жүктеу/скачать 422,31 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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