Методическая разработка по английскому языку для студентов факультета химии и химической технологии " Simple Chemistry" Алматы 2017
Ex. 1 Read and translate the text
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мет. разработка по химии
| Ex. 1 Read and translate the text
Hydrocarbons In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound. It consists of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons from which we removed one hydrogen atom are functional groups, we call them hydrocarbyls. Aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes), alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes are different types of hydrocarbons. The majority of hydrocarbons on Earth occur in crude oil. The classifications for hydrocarbons, defined by the nomenclature of organic chemistry are as follows. Saturated hydrocarbons are the simplest of the hydrocarbon species. They are composed of single bonds and we saturate them with hydrogen. The formula for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (i.e., alkanes) is CnH2n+2. The most general form of saturated hydrocarbons is CnH2n+2(1-r), where r is the number of rings. Those with exactly one ring are the cycloalkanes. Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and they can be linear or branched species. Substitution reaction is their characteristics property. Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are structural isomers. 3-methylhexane and branched hydrocarbons can be chiral. Chiral saturated hydrocarbons constitute the side chains of biomolecules such as chlorophyll and tocopherol. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. Those with double bond are called alkenes. Those with one double bond have the formula CnH2n .. Those which contain triple bonds are called alkynes, with general formula CnH2n-2. Aromatic hydrocarbons, also known as arenes, are hydrocarbons that have at least one aromatic ring. Hydrocarbons can be gases (e.g. methane and propane), liquids (e.g. hexane and benzene), waxes or low melting solids (e.g. paraffin wax and naphthalene) or polymers (e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene). жүктеу/скачать 422,31 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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