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Addition 
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an additional 
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comparison 
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compare(d) to / with 
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Text 1 
A friendly robot:
Robot adjusts path to keep out of the way of people 
Researchers have developed a robot that adjusts its movements in order to 
avoid colliding with the people and objects around it. This provides new opportuni-
ties for more friendly interaction between people and machines. Modern industrial 
robots commonly weigh in at several tonnes and for this reason are placed inside 
netting enclosures to prevent them colliding with, and causing damage to, the peo-
ple and objects around them. The drawback is that they are static and perform re-
petitive tasks entirely separated from their fellow human operators on the same 
production line. 
 
Working with a machine 
If we could forget having to watch out for robot arms colliding with the 
people and objects around them, their applications could be expanded – with 
important implications for industrial production. 
SINTEF researcher Marianne Bakken tells Gemini about a new “hot” 
European field of research called “collaborative robots”. These machines 
are equipped with light-duty arms that can more easily be integrated into 
existing production systems. 
“These robots are a few kilos lighter than previous models. They're saf-
er to work with and shut down gently if they come into contact with a for-
eign object,” says Bakken. “Today, however, robot arms of this type are 
blind. To avoid constant collisions, they need to be more intelligent. And 
this is where we enter the stage. By installing a sensor on the robot, we cre-
ate a safe machine that can “see”. Perhaps this will enable them to work 
alongside people, instead of being shut away in cages,” she says. 
No thinking twice 
“It all started with a general requirement to build faster reaction times 
into robot arm mechanisms,” says Bakken. “Our starting point was to try to 
help the robot “see” the objects around it,” she says. 
This evolved into a four-year, strategic, SINTEF ICT project called 
SEAMLESS. The researchers obtained funding to investigate the potential 
of installing a 3D sensor on a robot. “The sensor detects objects in the space 
around it, and senses where any given object is located in relation to the ro-
bot arm,” says Bakken. 

91 
A robot relies on being continuously fed with data so that it can decide 
in which directions it should be moving. In this case, the sensor generates 
data that are sent to a PC, where the data are processed and information re-
layed to the robot arm. The SINTEF researchers have succeeded in speeding 
up the necessary calculations. 
“We’ve managed to obtain updates of the robot’s movements at a rate 
of ten times a second,” says Bakken. Previously, the movement update cal-
culation took many seconds, by which time the robot might already have 
collided with something. But now the robot doesn't need to stop and think 
twice before it makes its next move. 
“By combining fast sensor technology with smart algorithms, we can 
achieve a uniform and seamless manoeuvre,” says Bakken. 
The way ahead 
SINTEF's research centre in Oslo has attracted a lot of attention from 
the outside world with the videos of the robot it has made and posted online. 
The researchers have developed a universal system that they now want to 
apply in a number of future projects. At the moment they're working on sell-
ing the concept to the industrial sector. 
“It's also possible to move the pedestal on which the robot stands. This 
allows the robot to move with greater autonomy,” says Bakken. “In the fu-
ture we can envisage robots that move around the workplace carrying out 
tasks without colliding with people or the objects around them,” she says. 
Original written by Åse Dragland. Materials provided by SINTEF:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151023084531.htm 
Text 2 

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