Мировая валютно-финансовая система
The centres of the world currency market
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Мировая валютно фин система
The centres of the world currency marketThe centres of the world currency market are MFTS. MFTS are places of a concentration of banks, specialised credit and financial institutes. In them the international currency, credit, financial operations, transactions with securities, gold are carried out. Now it is possible to allocate Asian (with the centres in Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong, Melbourn), European (London, Amsterdam, Paris, Frankfurt on Main, Zurich), American (New York, Chicago, Los Angeles) the markets. In the beginning of 90th about 50 % of the international currency transactions it was carried out in three world currency markets: London, New York and Tokyo. The general daily volume of the international currency transactions in the mid-nineties has reached 1 trln 230млрд dollars On volume of operations the currency markets surpass mid-annual turns both financial, and not financial markets, making, in some estimations, from 200 to 500 trln US dollar. The most representative, undoubtedly, the American centre in which a leading role New York as plays centre of the largest financial institutions of the world is. A core of New York, undoubtedly, the New York stock exchange is considered. In Europe the leading financial centre is London which is winning first place in the world on currency, depositary and credit operations. Only the daily volume of transactions with currency in English capital comes nearer to 500 mlrd dollars In the late sixties have grown the financial centres in the Far East. It was promoted by fast development of economy of Japan and other Asian "dragons" who win strong position in world trade and turn to creditors of the western countries. At last, in 80th there were new financial centres on former "boondocks" of the world economy – in Bahrain, Panama, on Bahama, Kajmanovyh and the Netherlands Antilles. They function on the offshore beginnings, i.e. financial operations here are not exposed to national regulation. As a rule, they have a preferential currency mode, as involves here transnational banks and corporations. In these tax harbours the transactions made in various parts of the world sometimes are only registered. In connection with an arrangement of the world regional currency markets in various time zones it is possible to tell, that the international currency market works round the clock. In the world regional markets not all currencies but only the most used by participants of the given market, i.e. local monetary units and a number of leaders it is hard currencies, first of all reserve currencies usually are quoted. Thus, naturally, as a result of a difference in time courses conducting (i.e. reserve) the currencies which are quoted in the various markets or in the same market, at various times differ at preservation of the general tendencies a little. The basic functions of the world currency market: Realisation of calculations under the foreign trade contracts; Regulation of rates of exchange; diversifikatsija currency actives of participants of the market; Insurance (hedging) of currency risks; Reception have arrived participants (gamble) on a difference of rates of exchange. The introduction of the Russian Federation in April 1992г. In the International currency fund (IMF) testifies that Russia left on the international currency market. The banks operating in the international currency market, form the international bank system. This system is regulated by a certain set of certain rules and laws which make the international currency system (MVS). MVS – the world monetary system of all countries in which frameworks currency resources are formed and used and is carried out the international payment turn. In other words, MVS represents a certain set of the international payment means (HARD CURRENCY, the international convertible currencies); a currency exchange mode, including rates of exchange and currency parities; convertibility conditions; the maintenance mechanism currency-payment means of the international turn; a regulation and unification of forms of international payments; a mode of the international currency markets and gold; the status of the interstate institutes regulating currency relations; a network of the international and national banking establishments which are carrying out the international settlement and credit operations, connected with foreign trade activities. Valjutoobmennye operations (trade in currency) make a basis of functioning of the world currency market. жүктеу/скачать 111 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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