Навчальний посібник для студентів ос «Бакалавр» галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки»
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babenko country study
| Important Dates
h,l,u,v Date Events 2200 B.C. The building of Stonehenge begins. 700 Celtic tribes begin invasion of Britain. 55–54 Britain invaded by Romans led by Julius Caesar. He introduces chickens to the British Isles. 450 Angles, Saxons, and Jutes begin invasion of Britain. 793 Viking raiders destroy the monastery at Lindisfarne. 937 Athelstan becomes first king of a united England. 9th century Kenneth McAlpin declares himself ruler of both the Scots and the Picts and unites Scotland north of the Firth of Forth into a single kingdom. 1017 Canute becomes first Danish king of England. 1050 Edward the Confessor begins building Westminster Abbey. 1066 William, Duke of Normandy, defeats King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings and becomes the first of the Norman kings. 1135 Civil war breaks out when King Henry I dies without an heir. 1154 Henry II becomes first Plantagenet King of England and ruler of Angevin empire. He introduces system of common law which is still used in England today. 1170 Archbishop Thomas Becket is murdered in Canterbury Cathedral by four of Henry II’s knights. 1215 Rebellious barons force King John to sign the Magna Carta. 1249 The first Oxford college, University College, is founded. 1295 Edward I summons first representative English parliament. 1337 The Hundred Years’ War with France begins when English King Edward III claims throne of France. 1349–1351 The Black Death kills one-third of the population of England. 1380s Geoffrey Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales . 1453 The French defeat English at the Battle of Castillon, which marks the end of the Hundred Years’ War. 1455 The War of the Roses breaks out between the houses of Lancaster and York. 1474 William Caxton publishes the first book printed in England, The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye . 1497 John Cabot becomes the first English explorer to visit the New World. 1534 King Henry VIII breaks with the Roman Catholic Church. 1558 Elizabeth I becomes queen. 1577 Sir Francis Drake embarks on voyage to 317 circumnavigate the globe. 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh establishes the first English colony in Roanoke, Virginia. 1588 English navy defeats the Spanish Armada. 1592 William Shakespeare’s first play, Henry VI , is performed. 1603 Elizabeth I dies and is succeeded by James I, first Stuart king and first ruler of a unified British Isles. 1605 Guy Fawkes and his group of Catholic sympathizers attempt to carry out the failed bombing of the House of Lords on November 5th. 1611 The King James Version of the Bible is published. 1620 Pilgrims set sail in the Mayflower for New England. 1649 Charles I is executed; period of English Commonwealth begins under Oliver Cromwell. 1660 Charles II takes up the throne to begin the Restoration. He orders the body of Oliver Cromwell dug up. 1666 Great Fire destroys much of London. 1688 The Glorious Revolution ousts James II and brings William of Orange and his wife Mary to the throne. 1714 Queen Anne dies; George I becomes first Hanoverian king. 1745–1746 “Bonnie Prince Charlie” Stuart is defeated at Culloden in Scotland. This also marks the end of the Scottish clan system. 1776 American colonies formally declare independence from England. 1782 James Watt invents the steam engine, signaling the start of the Industrial Revolution. 1783 American Revolutionary war ends when England formally gives up the colonies in the Treaty of Paris. Last of British troops evacuate New York, ending British rule in America. 1788 The English establish a colony in Australia. 1801 First British national census is taken. 1813 Duke of Wellington defeats the French under Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo. 1829 Sir Robert Peel creates the first English police force, known as “bobbies,” in his honor. 1833 Slavery is outlawed in the British Empire. 1837 Victoria becomes queen, opening what will become the longest royal reign in English history. The British Empire reaches the height of its power. 1851 Charles Dickens writes David Copperfield . 1863 The London Underground (“the Tube”) is opened. 1870 Education Act establishes first state schools; schools are made compulsory for all children to age 11. 1884 Telephones are introduced to Britain. 1888 First football game between Celtic and Rangers takes place in Glasgow. 1909 Lord Robert Baden Powell forms the “British Boy Scouts.” 1912 The RMS Titanic sinks. 1914–1918 World War I takes place. 1919 The right to vote is given to British women over the age of 30. 1921 Ireland is divided into the Irish Free State (later the Republic of Ireland) in the south and 319 Ulster in the north. 1922 First national radio service begins. 1926 Britain’s first-ever strike takes place: a 9-day walkout in support of the coal miners. The workers lose. 1928 Vote is given to all men and women over 21. 1931 Great Depression hits England. 1936 First scheduled television service begins. 1939 World War II begins; England declares war on Germany. 1948 National Health Service is established. 1953 Elizabeth II is crowned in Westminster Abbey. 1963 The Beatles become the world’s most popular musical group. 1973 England joins the European Economic Community. 1979 Margaret Thatcher is elected Britain’s first, and so far only, female prime minister. 1981 Prince Charles of Wales marries Lady Diana Spencer in a “fairy tale” wedding at St. Paul’s Cathedral. 1982 England defeats Argentina in a war over Falkland Islands. 1992 Elizabeth II agrees to pay taxes for the first time. 1994 The Channel Tunnel (a.k.a. the Chunnel), under the English Channel, is opened, linking England and France. 1997 Mad Cow Crisis happens in United Kingdom. 2003 Britain joins the U.S. and other countries in the “Coalition of the Willing” to invade Iraq, despite large anti-war protests. 2005 The Civil Partnership Act comes into effect, allowing same-sex couples to have legal recognition of their relationships. 2011 Prince William marries Catherine Middleton in Westminster Abbey. 2012 London becomes the only city to host an Olympic games three different times. 2014 Scottish citizens vote “Nay” on the referendum for independence and decide to keep Scotland a part of the United Kingdom. жүктеу/скачать 4,66 Mb. 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