Навчальний посібник для студентів ос «Бакалавр» галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки»



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babenko country study

George IV and William IV 
Britain emerged from the Napoleonic Wars a very different country 
than it had been in 1793. As industrialisation progressed, society changed, 
becoming more urban and less rural. The postwar period saw an economic 
slump, and poor harvests and inflation caused widespread social unrest. 
Europe after 1815 was on guard against a return of Jacobinism, and even 
liberal Britain saw the passage of the Six Acts in 1819, which proscribed 
radical activities. By the end of the 1820s, along with a general economic 
recovery, many of these repressive laws were repealed and in 1828 new 
legislation guaranteed the civil rights of religious dissenters. 
A weak ruler as regent (1811–20) and king (1820–30), George IV let 
his ministers take full charge of government affairs, playing a far lesser role 
than his father, George III. His governments, with little help from the king
presided over victory in the Napoleonic Wars, negotiated the peace 


settlement, and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that 
followed. His brother William IV ruled (1830–37), but was little involved in 
politics. His reign saw several reforms: the poor law was updated, child 
labour restricted, slavery abolished in nearly all the British Empire, and, most 
important, the Reform Act 1832 refashioned the British electoral system. 
There were no major wars until the Crimean War (1853–56). While 
Prussia, Austria, and Russia, as absolute monarchies, tried to suppress 
liberalism wherever it might occur, the British came to terms with new ideas. 
Britain intervened in Portugal in 1826 to defend a constitutional government 
there and recognising the independence of Spain's American colonies in 1824. 
British merchants and financiers, and later railway builders, played major 
roles in the economies of most Latin American nations. 


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