Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов
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лекция по грамматиае
| 3. The Conjunction
Semantic features Every conjunction has its own meaning, expressing some connection or other existing between phenomena in extralinguistic reality. When discussing prepositions, we noted that in a certain number of cases the use of a given preposition is predicted by the preceding word: thus the verb depend can only be followed by the preposition on (or upon ), the adjective characteristic only by the preposition of , etc. In such cases the preposition has no meaning of its own. Conjunctions in this respect are entirely different. Their meaning is independent of preceding words. Syntactic features Two levels are distinguished — that of phrases and that of sentences. On the phrase level it must be said that conjunctions connect words and phrases. It is the so-called co-ordinating conjunctions that are found here, and only very rarely subordinating ones. On the sentence level it must be said that conjunctions connect clauses (of different kinds). Here we find both so-called co-ordinating and so-called subordinating conjunctions. In comparing prepositions with co-ordinating and subordinating conjunctions we cannot fail to notice that while prepositions have nothing in common with co-ordinating conjunctions, some prepositions are very close in meaning to subordinating conjunctions, and in some cases a preposition and a subordinating conjunction sound exactly the same. It should also be noted that the difference between prepositions and conjunctions is much less pronounced in Modern English than in Russian, where prepositions are closely connected with cases, while conjunctions have nothing 71 whatever to do with them. In English, with its almost complete absence of cases, this difference between prepositions and conjunctions is very much obliterated. жүктеу/скачать 0,5 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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