consequently
– следовательно
launch
– запуск
liquid
– жидкость
manned
– пилотируемый,
с человеком на борту
movement
– движение
numerous
– многочисленный
to obtain
– получать
to possess
– обладать, владеть
data
–
данные
density
– плотность
to differ from
– отличаться от
difference
–
различие, разница
to estimate
– оценивать
except
– кроме, за исключением
i.e. [that is]
–то есть
to include
– включать
thus
– так, таким образом
valuable
– ценный
to prove
– доказывать
substance
– вещество
surface
–
поверхность
vehicle
– транспортное средство,
космический летательный аппарат
weight
–
вес
Упражнения
●
Упражнение 1.
Составьте утверждения, выбрав правильный вари-
ант согласно тексту.
1. Many well-known processes go on differently in space due to
а) different density,
b) the presence of weight,
c) the absence of weight.
42
2. The components of stable-state liquid mixtures would separate on Earth
because of
а) high temperature,
b) different density,
c) different conditions.
3. It is well-known that various defects in semiconductors occur because of
а) weightlessness,
b) solidification,
c) convection.
●
Упражнение 2.
Найдите в тексте модальные глаголы и их эквива-
ленты.
●
Упражнение 3.
Составьте предложения.
a)
b)
1. Experts estimate that
1. for industrial production of
within a few coming years
new-generation materials at a
larger scale is being carried out
in Russia, the USA, Europe and
Japan.
2. Numerous experiments on
2. very difficult on Earth.
board
3. They may include
3. i.e. movement of gases or liq-
uids because of difference of
temperatures.
4. In space there is no gravita-
4. to grow large crystals and to
tional convection
study their structure.
5. Convection makes the pro-
5. super and semiconductors, metals,
duction of some materials
glasses, superpure biologically
active substances, etc.
6. But in zero-gravity condi-
6. the industrial production of
tions it is possible
various materials is to begin
in space.
7. It should be said that research
7. the Russian manned and un-
and preparatory work
manned space vehicles and
space stations proved the
advantages of the zero-gravity
state for the production of
some materials.
43
●
Упражнение 4.
Ответьте на вопросы, используя слова и словосоче-
тания в скобках.
1. What condition on board a space vehicle can't be simulated on Earth?
(prolonged weightlessness). 2. What eliminates gravity during a space flight?
(inertia). 3. What can be the industrial use of weightlessness? (the production of
new materials with unusual properties). 4. What industrial materials can be
produced in space? (superconductors, new kinds of alloys, magnetic materials,
laser glass, polymers, plastics, etc). 5. What is Russia's contribution to the
development of methods and means of industrial material production in space?
(over 600 technological experiments carried out at the Russian orbital space
stations). 6. What are the results of these experiments? (much better properties
of the materials obtained under the zero-gravity condition than those produced
on Earth). 7. What is needed for industrial material production in space? (special
space platforms).
●
Упражнение 5.
Переведите без словаря.
The first step in any industrialization project, for example, on the Moon
should be preparation for plant construction. It is economically desirable to use
local materials for this. It is well-known that metals form the most important
group of engineering materials. One must know that they possess necessary
mechanical and physical properties. They can be easily fabricated into various
forms by a variety of techniques. They are hard, tough (пластичный), strong
and temperature-resistant, a combination of properties not available in any other
materials. The properties of metals can be changed by. heat treatment so that the
fabrication is much easier since the work pieces can have properties quite
different from those needed in the final product.
●
Упражнение 6.
Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is this text about?
2. Have you seen the label «Made in Space» anywhere?
3. Why can't certain materials be produced on Earth?
4. Can all the conditions on board a space vehicle be simulated on Earth?
5. When will it be possible to start industrial production of materials in
space? What do you think about it? Can we start such production now?
6. Why can we obtain materials of better quality in space?
7. What equipment is needed for producing materials in space?
8. How will this equipment operate?
●
Упражнение 7.
Найдите английские эквиваленты в b) для русских
словосочетаний из а):
а) в большем масштабе; пилотируемые и непилотируемые космиче-
ские аппараты; проводить эксперимент; на борту космического корабля;
44
преимущества состояния невесомости; условия невесомости; материалы
нового поколения; получить полезные и ценные данные;
b) carry out experiments; zero gravity conditions; at a larger scale; zero-
gravity state advantages; on board a spacecraft; manned and unmanned space
vehicles; obtain useful and valuable data; new generation materials.
●
Упражнение 8.
Speak about:
1. Space industrialization and its importance for mankind.
2. The latest achievements in industrial materials production in space.
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