Four focal content areas 169. In recognition of the changing world the PISA 2021 Mathematics Framework has suggested
that four content areas within the existing content framework receive special focus. These content
areas are: growth phenomena (within change and relationships); geometric approximation (within
space and shape); computer simulations (within quantity); and conditional decision making (within
uncertainty and data). The focus on these content areas has implications for the background
questionnaires
which should provide measures to better understand students’ opportunities to
learn in this regard. In particular the questionnaires should establish the frequency with which
students are exposed to this contents and the different forms that the opportunities take.
