In 1960, the second generation of computers was developed and could perform
work ten times faster than their predecessors. The reason
for this extra speed was
the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Second generation computers were
smaller, faster and more dependable than first generation computers.
The third-generation computers appeared on the market in 1965. These computers
could do a million calculations a second, which is 1000 times faster than the first
generation computers. Unlike
second-generation computers, these are controlled
by tiny integrated circuits and are consequently smaller and more dependable.
Fourth-generation computers have now arrived, and the integrated circuits that are
being developed have been greatly reduced in size. This is due to
microminiaturization, which means that the circuits are much smaller than before;
as many as 1000 tiny circuits now fit onto a single chip.
A chip is a square or
rectangular piece of silicon, usually from 1/10 to ¼ inch, upon which several layers
of an integrated circuit are attached or imprinted, after which the circuit is
encapsulated in plastic metal. Fourth generation computers are 50 times faster than
third-generation computers and can complete approximately 1.000.000 instructions
per second.
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