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- THE DEMAND FOR OIL AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ZHAKIYANOVA G. R. student, Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Chemistry and Biology, Pavlodar
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» сериясы «XVIII СӘТБАЕВ ОҚУЛАРЫ» 302 303 5 https://informburo.kz/kaz/azastandytar-internet-saudaa-senbeyd. html [5, 11, 25 б.]. 6 https://7kun.kz/27605/ [6, 45 б.]. THE DEMAND FOR OIL AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ZHAKIYANOVA G. R. student, Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Chemistry and Biology, Pavlodar OSPANOVA N. A. teacher of Global Perspectives and Project Works, Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Chemistry and Biology, Pavlodar Introduction. Oil is the basic fuel in the world, also it is one of the most exporting product on the Earth. There are, of course, countries which export (e.g. Saudi Arabia, The United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Kuwait and Russia) and import (e.g. China, The USA, Germany, Italy and India) oil. However, progress does not stop and humankind is introducing new sources of fuel, so the importance of oil and its stores are decreasing. We can label such alternative fuels as biodiesel, bioalcohol, electricity, hydrogen, vegetable oil, biomass sources and etc. The shifting of oil by new alternatives can totally change the economy of the countries. Investopedia reports that Kazakhstan is also one of the biggest oil exporter country in the world, in 2015 country owned 3,3 % of world’s oil exports, worth about $26.2 billion [1]. Then, the economy of Kazakhstan gets a lot of benefit from oil-exporting. As a result, it can a lot of changes, such as decreasing of export and national currency totally depends on oil trade. Recently, Kazakhstan held The EXPO 2017 exhibition in Astana. The topic was «Future Energy», 115 countries took part and represented to the world numerous ideas about saving and producing the energy. Moreover, countries shared with their experience and points of view about alternative energy sources. The main thing is that the oil is not the only fuel anymore. This event has inspired me to search this area and its effect on Kazakhstan, because its economy growth depends on it, as a part of my country I am really concerned about this issue and looking forward for some solutions, also I want to know how the situation with changing from fuel to alternative sources of energy will look like in the future of the word. This research will show how changes in oil trade can lead to changes of economy of the countries. I believe that the findings of this study will be essential for Kazakhstan’s government and NIS students who are going to work in this sphere. Context. Oil is been used for a long time, even before Christ. «Approximately 3 thousand years B.C. Residents of the Middle East are beginning to use oil as fuel, for making weapons, for luminaires and building materials (bitumen, asphalt). Oil was collected from the surface of open reservoirs» [2]. In nineteenth century humankind started to drill earth to get oil, since that oil became one of the most important raw materials. Petroleum can be found in different products, such as synthetic fabrics, wax, plastic material, stationery (e.g. crayons, ink, glue), cosmetic products (e.g. perfumes, nail polish, lipstick, shampoo, shaving cream, deodorant), tires, asphalt, gasoline, jet fuel and etc. Although, the wide usage of oil is found in energetic field, moreover it brings a lot of economic benefit for oil-exporting countries, that is why it is quite hard to imagine the world without oil. However, the process of using petroleum has really bad influence on the environment, in most cases it causes air and water pollution. Scientists had invented new ways of getting energy i.e. alternative energy sources. Nowadays, solar, wind and water energy are starting to take off. According to The World Bank research, the usage of renewable energy sources had increased through the years, the figures fluctuated, but the main trend was upward, therefore the consumption of alternative energy sources rose from 17.087 % in 1990 to 18.896 % in 2014, whereas the rate for Kazakhstan is 1.363 % for 2014 [3]. In brief, alternative sources are becoming popular more and more. Solar energy is one of the reliable and secure energy, because it is available for everyone and it is completely free [4]. Nowadays, solar panels are providing with energy a lot of countries. For example, according to Adam Vaughan, renewable energy sources are providing about 30 % of the UK’s energy consumption. Moreover, Adam noticed that more than half of UK’s power is low carbon energy sources [5]. Moreover, Kazakhstan is also making steps to low carbon energy. Country started to use wind and solar power. Recently, «KazAtomProm» National Atomic Company supported by the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, had opened a subsidiary company «Astana Solar» which provides country with solar panels of domestic production and make them easier to access for middle class [6]. According to network edition «Tengrinews», amendments have been added into the law, which says that consumer can establish solar panels on their houses for self using, but if there will be produced any surpluses of energy, so they |