Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов
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Exercise 1. Read and guess the meanings of the new words. If you have some difficulties, use the dictionary at the end of this book. It will help you to read and discuss the texts and dialogues, arrange the role-plays and present the projects. 1) access. The earliest humans had an access to only a very limited num- ber of materials. 2) property. A lot of materials with specialized properties were produced. 3) to encompass. Material science encompasses various classes of materi- als. 4) alloy. Metallic materials include metals and alloys. 5) ferrous metals. Metallic materials which contain iron are called fer- rous metals. 6) non-ferrous metals. Metallic materials which do not contain iron are called non-ferrous metals. 7) cast iron. The most common ferrous metals are cast iron and steel. 8) to influence. Different elements in alloys influence properties of ma- terials. 9) brittleness. Large amount of carbon in cast iron increases its brittle- ness. 10) to rust. Steel containing nickel or chromium does not rust. 11) tungsten. Steels which contain tungsten or cobalt are extremely hard. 12) copper. Aluminium and copper are widely used. 124 13) ductile, malleable. Copper is a ductile and malleable metal. 14) frequent. Copper is a frequent element of various metal alloys. 15) brass, tin, lead. Brass contains copper and zinc, bronze contains cop- per and tin/lead. 16) representative. Polymers are representatives of non-metallic materials. 17) rubber. One of the best-known natural polymers is rubber. 18) thermoplastics, thermosets. Plastics can be divided into thermoplastics and thermosets. 19) to mould. Thermoplastics can be heated and moulded numerous times. 20) indispensable. The properties of plastics are indispensable. 21) flexible. Plastics are flexible. 22) relevantly. Plastics are relevantly cheap. 23) subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials are formed by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. 24) clay. Clay was one of the earliest materials used to produce ceramics. 25) stiff. Ceramics tend to be strong, stiff, brittle, and chemically inert. 26) to vary. Ceramics properties vary widely. 27) insulator. Porcelain is widely used to make electrical insulators. 28) available. A lot of engineering materials are available to engineer. 29) to choose. Engineers have to choose the engineering materials. 30) purpose. Engineers have to choose the engineering materials best suit- ed the given purpose. 31) to memorize. Have you memorized the groups of engineering materi- als? 32) to exist. A wide variety of materials exists nowadays. 33) to decline. Some materials tend to have a declining usage. 34) to save. The manufacturers are switching from steel to aluminium to save weight of a car. 35) to change. The materials technology is constantly changing . 36) to substitute . Aluminium can substitute steel. 37) to increase. The popularity of aluminium is increasing. жүктеу/скачать 4,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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