Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов
Module 13 OIL & GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL
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- KEY VOCABULARY Exercise 1. Read and guess the meanings of the new words. If you have some
| Module 13
OIL & GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Vocabulary : exercises 1—7, 12—16. Grammar ( the Complex Sentences ): exercises 8—9, 17—19. Reading : exercises 10—11, 32. Listening : exercise 20. Speaking : exercises 21—26. Writing : exercises 27—30. Project Work : exercise 31. Test 13. KEY VOCABULARY Exercise 1. Read and guess the meanings of the new words. If you have some difficulties, use the dictionary at the end of this book. It will help you to read and discuss the texts and dialogues, arrange the role-plays and present the projects. 1) primary products. Natural gas and natural gas liquids are the primary products of oil and gas industry. 2) crude oil. Crude oil was used for fuel and medicine many years ago. 3) oil and gas extraction industry. The oil and gas extraction industry can be classified into four major processes. 4) exploration. Exploration is the first step in oil production. 5) oil or natural gas deposits. Exploration involves the search for oil and gas deposits. 6) well development . Well development means the construction of wells. 7) site abandonment. Site abandonment occurs when a well does not have economic quantities of oil or gas. 8) to plug the well. Site abandonment involves plugging the wells. 9) to lack. Site abandonment involves plugging the wells and restoring the site when a recently-drilled well lacks the potential to produce economic quantities of oil and gas. 235 10) casing. Casing is mounted in the well at the initial stage of the well development. 11) drilling rig, production rig. When the drilling rig is removed, then the production rig is installed. 12) tubing. Tubing carries the liquids and gas to the surface. 13) flow of fluid. A series of valves is installed to control the flow of fluid from the well. 14) pump, rod pump . The most common pump is the rod pump. 15) formation pressure. The pumping is required if the formation pressure is low. 16) artificial lift. If pumps are added, then such kind of production is called ‘an artificial lift’. 17) to suspend. The rod pump is suspended on a string of rods from a pumping unit. 18) to remove impurities. Equipment is needed to remove impurities. 19) pipeline, to facilitate. A pipeline is connected to the well to facilitate transportation. 20) storage container, to store. A storage container is connected to the well to store the product. 21) pores, fractures. Sometimes hydrocarbons can hardly move easily through the pores or fractures into the reservoir. 22) acidizing, fracturing. There are some forms of stimulation such as acidizing and fracturing. 23) light and heavy fraction. Lighter fractions are collected at the top of the tower, and heavier fractions are collected at its bottom. 24) fractioning column. The separation of the mix of hydrocarbons is per- formed in a fractioning column, also known as an atmospheric distil- lation tower. 25) refinery. Crude oil is turned into usable products at refineries. 26) perforated trays. An atmospheric distillation tower is a tall steel tower with perforated trays. 27) residual products, waxes, greases. The residual products of the distil- lation are further processed to produce refinery fuels, waxes, greases, etc. 28) cracking, coking. The most widely used conversion methods are crack- ing and coking. 29) derrick. Wooden derricks were constructed long ago. 30) domain. The business of oil refining was John D. Rockefeller’s do- main. |