Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов


Module 13  OIL & GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL



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Module 13 
OIL & GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL 
INDUSTRIES
Vocabulary
: exercises 1—7, 12—16.
Grammar
(
the Complex Sentences
): exercises 8—9, 17—19.
Reading
: exercises 10—11, 32.
Listening
: exercise 20.
Speaking
: exercises 21—26.
Writing
: exercises 27—30.
Project Work
: exercise 31.
Test 13.
KEY VOCABULARY
Exercise 1. Read and guess the meanings of the new words. If you have some 
difficulties, use the dictionary at the end of this book. It will help you to read 
and discuss the texts and dialogues, arrange the role-plays and present the 
projects.
1) 
primary products.
Natural gas and natural gas liquids are the primary 
products of oil and gas industry.
2) 
crude oil.
Crude oil was used for fuel and medicine many years ago.
3) 
oil and gas extraction industry. 
The oil and gas extraction industry can 
be classified into four major processes.
4) 
exploration.
Exploration is the first step in oil production.
5) 
oil or natural gas deposits. 
Exploration involves the search for oil and 
gas deposits.
6) 
well development
. Well development means the construction of wells.
7) 
site abandonment. 
Site abandonment occurs when a well does not 
have economic quantities of oil or gas.
8) 
to plug the well. 
Site abandonment involves plugging the wells.
9) 
to lack. 
Site abandonment involves plugging the wells and restoring 
the site when a recently-drilled well lacks the potential to produce 
economic quantities of oil and gas.


235
10) 
casing. 
Casing is mounted in the well at the initial stage of the well 
development.
11) 
drilling rig, production rig.
When the drilling rig is removed, then the 
production rig is installed.
12) 
tubing. 
Tubing carries the liquids and gas to the surface.
13) 
flow of fluid. 
A series of valves is installed to control the flow of fluid 
from the well.
14) 
pump, rod pump
. The most common pump is the rod pump.
15) 
formation pressure. 
The pumping is required if the formation pressure 
is low.
16) 
artificial lift. 
If pumps are added, then such kind of production is 
called ‘an artificial lift’.
17) 
to suspend. 
The rod pump is suspended on a string of rods from a 
pumping unit.
18) 
to remove impurities. 
Equipment is needed to remove impurities.
19) 
pipeline, to facilitate. 
A pipeline is connected to the well to facilitate 
transportation.
20) 
storage container, to store. 
A storage container is connected to the well 
to store the product.
21) 
pores, fractures. 
Sometimes hydrocarbons can hardly move easily 
through the pores or fractures into the reservoir.
22) 
acidizing, fracturing.
There are some forms of stimulation such 
as acidizing and fracturing.
23) 
light and heavy fraction. 
Lighter fractions are collected at the top of the 
tower, and heavier fractions are collected at its bottom.
24) 
fractioning column. 
The separation of the mix of hydrocarbons is per-
formed in a fractioning column, also known as an atmospheric distil-
lation tower.
25) 
refinery. 
Crude oil is turned into usable products at refineries.
26) 
perforated trays.
An atmospheric distillation tower is a tall steel tower 
with perforated trays.
27) 
residual products, waxes, greases. 
The residual products of the distil-
lation are further processed to produce refinery fuels, waxes, greases, 
etc.
28) 
cracking, coking. 
The most widely used conversion methods are crack-
ing and coking.
29) 
derrick. 
Wooden derricks were constructed long ago.
30) 
domain. 
The business of oil refining was John D. Rockefeller’s do-
main.


236


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