Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов
Exercise 24. Ask questions and use the words in italics in your answers. The words
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- Exercise 25. Read the following dialogue, sum up the information and act out a similar dialogue. HOW TO TURN CRUDE OIL INTO USABLE PRODUCTS
| Exercise 24. Ask questions and use the words in italics in your answers. The words
in brackets will help you. 1. In producing gas and oil, efficient performance of producing wells has more and more importance (what). 2. A variety of tests must be made to deter- mine the performance of oil and gas well (what, what for). 3. There are some well tests to obtain certain information about the flow rates (what for). 4. Potential test is a measurement of the largest amount of oil and gas produced by a well in a 24-hour period (what kind of). 5. The oil goes to stock tanks (where). Exercise 25. Read the following dialogue, sum up the information and act out a similar dialogue. HOW TO TURN CRUDE OIL INTO USABLE PRODUCTS A.: Would you be so kind as to name the important stages of turning crude oil into different usable products? B.: Well, you see, crude oil is a mixture of many hydrocarbon components, so refineries must first separate and then process the mix of hydrocarbons which make up crude oil before they can be transformed into gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels, to name a few. A.: I’ve never been at the refinery! Could you tell me at least about the first stage, I mean the separation step? B.: Sure. This process takes place in a fractionating column, also known as an atmospheric distillation tower. 246 A.: Excuse me please, did you say “atmosphere distillation tower”? B.: No, that is atmospheric distillation tower! A.: I see. What is this? B.: This is a tall steel tower with perforated trays. A number of trays are needed as each fraction has a different boiling range, and a distillation tower can separate various fractions using heat and cooling. A.: I know from the tutorials that heavier hydrocarbons boil at much higher temperatures than lighter hydrocarbons. B.: Right you are. So they settle in trays at the bottom of the tower closest to furnace. As for lighter fractions, they are collected at the top. As each frac- tion reaches the tray where the temperature is just below its own boiling point, it condenses, liquefies and is drawn off the tray by pipes A.: Oh, my God! What a complicated process it is! I wish I saw it with my own eyes! What are the final products of the distillation then? B.: First, gases and light gasoline such as methane, ethane, propane, and bu- tane. Second, light distillates naphta, and kerosene. A.: What is naphta used for? B.: Naphta is used in the production of gasoline and petrochemicals. The third product is middle distillates (light and heavy gas oils). Light gas oils are turned into jet, diesel, and furnace fuels. Heavy gas oils undergo further chemical processing such as cracking to produce naphta and other prod- ucts. And the forth product is residual products that are further processed to produce refinery fuels, heavy fuel oil, waxes, greases and asphalt. A.: You said ‘cracking’, didn’t you? What does it mean? B.: It’s the next step — conversion. By the way, the most widely used conver- sion methods are cracking and coking! A.: Why cracking? B.: This method uses heat and pressure to ‘crack’ heavy hydrocarbon mol- ecules into lighter ones. A.: It’s so interesting! I believe this information can be of great help for my exam! B.: You are always welcome! Wish you luck at your exam! жүктеу/скачать 4,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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