Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов
MODULE 11 THE MOTOR CAR ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
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- MODULE 12 PETROL CARS AND ELECTRIC CARS
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THE MOTOR CAR ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT A modern motor car has a considerable number of electrical and electron- ic systems. It is fitted with certain lights, sidelights and headlights to be used in darkness and in poor visibility. Indicators, or flashers, are used to inform oth- ers of the direction in which a motor car is turning. Brake lights are required during the application of the brakes. There are a lot of other items which are operated electrically, such as windscreen wipers and washers, horns, heaters, audio systems, conditioning systems, central locking, etc. The modern motor vehicle uses electronically controlled systems to oper- ate many of the electrical items which were once controlled by simple on/off switches. Lately, electronically controlled engine systems have become com- mon to achieve good performance and acceptable emission levels. To operate the motor car electrical and electronic equipment electrical power is needed. It comes from a generator which is driven from the engine. Since certain items may be needed when engine is not running, a battery or accumulator is fitted. The battery is charged by the generator when the engine is running. MODULE 12 PETROL CARS AND ELECTRIC CARS People have been using cars for ages. Nowadays, the main competition seems to be between petrol cars and electric cars. The main difference between 278 these two cars is the technology that powers the cars to run. Petrol driven cars are built using internal combustion engines that use petrol as fuel, whereas electric cars run on battery power that is recharged. A petrol combustion engine works on the principle of combustion, or the mixing of fuel with air to release gasses that cause the vehicle parts to move. The heat energy produced inside the engine is transmitted to propel the out- side mechanical parts. These parts transmit the movement across the chassis to finally move the wheels accordingly. Petrol cars used to be fitted with carbure- tors and now use fuel injection systems. An electric car is fitted with batteries that are rechargeable. The batteries are placed across the entire system in a balanced way to manage equivalent weight dispersion and are connected with cables. These batteries power the mechanical parts to move. Both the petrol and electric technologies work on different principles. However, certain important comparisons can be made in terms of the rate of conversion between a petrol engine and electric batteries which shows high- er efficiency in the case of electric batteries. Moreover, the petrol combus- tion process produces a lot of smoke and dust, while electric batteries do not produce such pollutants. The energy transmission is better in electric battery driven vehicles when compared with petrol vehicles resulting in lesser wastage and transmission loss. Electric battery car technology is still being developed by the engineers. Though people argue in favour or against electric cars, the emerging situation demands to move away from petrol cars. More and more research and process improvements should be done to bring advancements in the technology. It can help people to save the environment from pollution. жүктеу/скачать 4,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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